MDEV-29336: Potential deadlock in btr_page_alloc_low() with the AHI
The index root page contains the fields BTR_SEG_TOP and BTR_SEG_LEAF
which keep track of allocated pages in the index tree. These fields
are normally protected by an Update latch, so that concurrent read
access to other parts of the page will be possible.
When the index root page is already exclusively latched in the
mini-transaction, we must not try to acquire a lower-grade Update latch.
In fact, when the root page is already X or U latched in the
mini-transaction, there is no point to acquire another latch.
Moreover, after a U latch was acquired on top of an X-latch,
mtr_t::defer_drop_ahi() would trigger an assertion failure or
lock corruption in block->page.lock.u_x_upgrade() because X locks
already exist on the block.
This problem may have been introduced in
commit 03ca6495df31313c96e38834b9a235245e2ae2a8 (MDEV-24142).
btr_page_alloc_low(), btr_page_free(): Initially buffer-fix the root page.
If it is already U or X latched, release the buffer-fix. Else, upgrade
the buffer-fix to a U latch.
mtr_t::u_lock_register(): Upgrade a buffer-fix to U latch.
mtr_t::have_u_or_x_latch(): Check if U or X latches are already
registered in the mini-transaction.
