package distcc (not installed) failed to install/upgrade: il sottoprocesso vecchio script di post-installation ha restituito lo stato di errore 1

Could you please try the upgrade from the command line (eg 'sudo
apt-get install distcc') and tell us if there is any error message?

If that doesn't say anything, please run

 sudo /var/lib/dpkg/info/distcc.postinst

Reinstalling works fine but with this warning:

update-rc.d: warning: distcc stop runlevel arguments (0 1 6) do not match LSB Default-Stop values (1)

Please check the log files /var/log/distccd.log for indications of the precise error.

I suspect this may be this one from bugs.d.o:
#663910 [n| | ] [distcc] distcc: won't install + activate

Can the OP confirm whether they were using libpam-tmpdir at the time?

postinst failed because daemon was already running (debian bug #620773)

This bug was fixed in the package distcc - 3.1-5

---------------
distcc (3.1-5) unstable; urgency=low

  * new maintainer (Closes: #664497)
  * update Standards-Version to 3.9.3:
    - debian/distcc.init.d: start action exits successfully if daemon
      is already running [9.3.2]; postinst will succeed on upgrades in
      this case also (Closes: #620773, LP: #822887)
  * switch to dpkg-source 3.0 (quilt) format
  * remove Build-Depends: dpatch
  * add Build-Depends: autotools-dev
  * debian/rules:
    - use debhelper compat level 9
    - reduce to "dh $@" style
    - fixes FTBFS caused by previous build-arch target (Closes: #666383)
    - enabled bindnow hardening (no PIE yet, it causes build failure)
  * debian/control:
    - added Homepage field
    - distcc: description starts lowercase
  * debian/distcc.config:
    - renamed from debian/config
    - use "set -e"
    - include missing #DEBHELPER# token
  * debian/distcc.init.d:
    - added stop levels 0, 6
    - unset TMPDIR before starting the daemon to avoid problems with
      root's value for this being unwritable by the distccd user; to
      provide distccd with a sensible TMPDIR put it in /etc/default/distcc
      (Closes: #514556)
  * debian/distcc.postinst:
    - use "set -e" instead of "#!/bin/sh -e"
    - drop extra calls to "sed ... /etc/default/distcc" for every field
      that only removed whitespace which would be removed anyway when
      updating the fields
    - always create distccd user if it does not exist (Closes: #548053)
  * debian/distccmon-gnome.menu:
    - changed title to "distcc monitor"
    - dropped incorrect hint tag
  * debian/patches:
    - 06_set-pythonpath-securely.patch: contains fix for #605168 which
      was previously applied directly to the source
    - 07_preferred-user.patch: starting the daemon as root causes it to
      change user, which should be to "distccd" in Debian
    - 08_gnome-data-public-dirs.patch: install desktop and icon files for
      distccmon-gnome /usr/share/applications and /usr/share/pixmaps
      respectively (LP: #512288)
    - 09_rename-pump.patch: rename the "pump" command to "distcc-pump" in
      all references such as help text, man pages, etc. (Closes: #594083)
    - 10_consecutive-preprocessor-options.patch: correctly count
      preprocessor options (Closes: #626926)
    - 11_lsdistcc-man.patch: add man page for lsdistcc utility
  * debian/watch:
    - added remote watch file
  * source/config.{guess,sub}:
    - update with autotools-dev during build instead of directly patching
      the source tree
  * use dpkg triggers to dynamically generate/update compiler links
    based on the ccache packaging. Thanks to Daniel Schaal
    (Closes: #651670)
  * cherry-pick upstream fixes for IPv6 support (Closes: #452835):
    - r650_ipv6-zeroconf.patch: IPv6 patch for Zeroconf and IPv6 literals
      in hosts file (Closes: #481951, LP: #593047)
    - r673_zeroconf-nodups.patch: remove duplicate hosts from the Zeroconf
      list (LP: #809534)
    - r678_distcc-v6-acl-2.patch: IPv6 support for access control
  * cherry-pick other upstream fixes:
    - r732_distccmon-gnome.patch: avoid client list growing indefinitely
  ...