Merge ~paelzer/ubuntu/+source/postgresql-10:MRE-bionic-10.8 into ubuntu/+source/postgresql-10:ubuntu/bionic-devel

[Christian Ehrhardt ]

[Christian Ehrhardt  (paelzer)]

Test build in PPAs:
https://launchpad.net/~ci-train-ppa-service/+archive/ubuntu/3716/+packages

Bileto ticket
https://bileto.ubuntu.com/#/ticket/3716

[Andreas Hasenack (ahasenack)]

git range-diff confirms only the d/changelog file has context changes, and a different version obviously, so the same comment applies here wrt the release notes html file that's missing. Other than that, +1.

Bileto also kicked for this one, jobs still running.

review: Needs Information

fb0e266... by Christian Ehrhardt  on 2019-05-08

add missing release notes file (was git-ignored)

Signed-off-by: Christian Ehrhardt <email address hidden>

[Christian Ehrhardt  (paelzer)]

release file in branch now, see xenial MP for details.

[Andreas Hasenack (ahasenack)]

+1

review: Approve

diff --git a/configure b/configure
index 2df43aa..ce66344 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #! /bin/sh
 # Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
-# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69 for PostgreSQL 10.7.
+# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69 for PostgreSQL 10.8.
 #
 # Report bugs to <[e-mail]>.
 #
@@ -582,8 +582,8 @@ MAKEFLAGS=
 # Identity of this package.
 PACKAGE_NAME='PostgreSQL'
 PACKAGE_TARNAME='postgresql'
-PACKAGE_VERSION='10.7'
-PACKAGE_STRING='PostgreSQL 10.7'
+PACKAGE_VERSION='10.8'
+PACKAGE_STRING='PostgreSQL 10.8'
 PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='[e-mail]'
 PACKAGE_URL=''
 
@@ -1411,7 +1411,7 @@ if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then
   # Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing.
   # This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh.
   cat <<_ACEOF
-\`configure' configures PostgreSQL 10.7 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
+\`configure' configures PostgreSQL 10.8 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
 
 Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
 
@@ -1476,7 +1476,7 @@ fi
 
 if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then
   case $ac_init_help in
-     short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of PostgreSQL 10.7:";;
+     short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of PostgreSQL 10.8:";;
    esac
   cat <<\_ACEOF
 
@@ -1635,7 +1635,7 @@ fi
 test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status
 if $ac_init_version; then
   cat <<\_ACEOF
-PostgreSQL configure 10.7
+PostgreSQL configure 10.8
 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69
 
 Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@@ -2350,7 +2350,7 @@ cat >config.log <<_ACEOF
 This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
 running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.
 
-It was created by PostgreSQL $as_me 10.7, which was
+It was created by PostgreSQL $as_me 10.8, which was
 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69.  Invocation command line was
 
   $ $0 $@
@@ -17684,7 +17684,7 @@ cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
 # report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their
 # values after options handling.
 ac_log="
-This file was extended by PostgreSQL $as_me 10.7, which was
+This file was extended by PostgreSQL $as_me 10.8, which was
 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69.  Invocation command line was
 
   CONFIG_FILES    = $CONFIG_FILES
@@ -17754,7 +17754,7 @@ _ACEOF
 cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
 ac_cs_config="`$as_echo "$ac_configure_args" | sed 's/^ //; s/[\\""\`\$]/\\\\&/g'`"
 ac_cs_version="\\
-PostgreSQL config.status 10.7
+PostgreSQL config.status 10.8
 configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69,
   with options \\"\$ac_cs_config\\"
 
diff --git a/configure.in b/configure.in
index 4b34ef5..d642ff2 100644
--- a/configure.in
+++ b/configure.in
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ dnl Read the Autoconf manual for details.
 dnl
 m4_pattern_forbid(^PGAC_)dnl to catch undefined macros
 
-AC_INIT([PostgreSQL], [10.7], [[e-mail]])
+AC_INIT([PostgreSQL], [10.8], [[e-mail]])
 
 m4_if(m4_defn([m4_PACKAGE_VERSION]), [2.69], [], [m4_fatal([Autoconf version 2.69 is required.
 Untested combinations of 'autoconf' and PostgreSQL versions are not
diff --git a/contrib/hstore_plpython/hstore_plpython.c b/contrib/hstore_plpython/hstore_plpython.c
index b184324..2532832 100644
--- a/contrib/hstore_plpython/hstore_plpython.c
+++ b/contrib/hstore_plpython/hstore_plpython.c
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ Datum
 plpython_to_hstore(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	PyObject   *dict;
-	volatile PyObject *items_v = NULL;
+	PyObject *volatile items = NULL;
 	int32		pcount;
 	HStore	   *out;
 
@@ -135,14 +135,13 @@ plpython_to_hstore(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				 errmsg("not a Python mapping")));
 
 	pcount = PyMapping_Size(dict);
-	items_v = PyMapping_Items(dict);
+	items = PyMapping_Items(dict);
 
 	PG_TRY();
 	{
 		int32		buflen;
 		int32		i;
 		Pairs	   *pairs;
-		PyObject   *items = (PyObject *) items_v;
 
 		pairs = palloc(pcount * sizeof(*pairs));
 
@@ -173,14 +172,14 @@ plpython_to_hstore(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				pairs[i].isnull = false;
 			}
 		}
-		Py_DECREF(items_v);
+		Py_DECREF(items);
 
 		pcount = hstoreUniquePairs(pairs, pcount, &buflen);
 		out = hstorePairs(pairs, pcount, buflen);
 	}
 	PG_CATCH();
 	{
-		Py_DECREF(items_v);
+		Py_DECREF(items);
 		PG_RE_THROW();
 	}
 	PG_END_TRY();
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/deparse.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/deparse.c
index 62dcb07..d2041dc 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/deparse.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/deparse.c
@@ -837,6 +837,55 @@ foreign_expr_walker(Node *node,
 }
 
 /*
+ * Returns true if given expr is something we'd have to send the value of
+ * to the foreign server.
+ *
+ * This should return true when the expression is a shippable node that
+ * deparseExpr would add to context->params_list.  Note that we don't care
+ * if the expression *contains* such a node, only whether one appears at top
+ * level.  We need this to detect cases where setrefs.c would recognize a
+ * false match between an fdw_exprs item (which came from the params_list)
+ * and an entry in fdw_scan_tlist (which we're considering putting the given
+ * expression into).
+ */
+bool
+is_foreign_param(PlannerInfo *root,
+				 RelOptInfo *baserel,
+				 Expr *expr)
+{
+	if (expr == NULL)
+		return false;
+
+	switch (nodeTag(expr))
+	{
+		case T_Var:
+			{
+				/* It would have to be sent unless it's a foreign Var */
+				Var		   *var = (Var *) expr;
+				PgFdwRelationInfo *fpinfo = (PgFdwRelationInfo *) (baserel->fdw_private);
+				Relids		relids;
+
+				if (IS_UPPER_REL(baserel))
+					relids = fpinfo->outerrel->relids;
+				else
+					relids = baserel->relids;
+
+				if (bms_is_member(var->varno, relids) && var->varlevelsup == 0)
+					return false;	/* foreign Var, so not a param */
+				else
+					return true;	/* it'd have to be a param */
+				break;
+			}
+		case T_Param:
+			/* Params always have to be sent to the foreign server */
+			return true;
+		default:
+			break;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
  * Convert type OID + typmod info into a type name we can ship to the remote
  * server.  Someplace else had better have verified that this type name is
  * expected to be known on the remote end.
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index c82eb6e..06fec2a 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -2814,6 +2814,46 @@ select sum(c1) from ft1 group by c2 having avg(c1 * (random() <= 1)::int) > 100 
                Remote SQL: SELECT "C 1", c2 FROM "S 1"."T 1"
 (10 rows)
 
+-- Remote aggregate in combination with a local Param (for the output
+-- of an initplan) can be trouble, per bug #15781
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select exists(select 1 from pg_enum), sum(c1) from ft1;
+                    QUERY PLAN                    
+--------------------------------------------------
+ Foreign Scan
+   Output: $0, (sum(ft1.c1))
+   Relations: Aggregate on (public.ft1)
+   Remote SQL: SELECT sum("C 1") FROM "S 1"."T 1"
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Seq Scan on pg_catalog.pg_enum
+(6 rows)
+
+select exists(select 1 from pg_enum), sum(c1) from ft1;
+ exists |  sum   
+--------+--------
+ t      | 500500
+(1 row)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select exists(select 1 from pg_enum), sum(c1) from ft1 group by 1;
+                    QUERY PLAN                     
+---------------------------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Output: ($0), sum(ft1.c1)
+   Group Key: $0
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Seq Scan on pg_catalog.pg_enum
+   ->  Foreign Scan on public.ft1
+         Output: $0, ft1.c1
+         Remote SQL: SELECT "C 1" FROM "S 1"."T 1"
+(8 rows)
+
+select exists(select 1 from pg_enum), sum(c1) from ft1 group by 1;
+ exists |  sum   
+--------+--------
+ t      | 500500
+(1 row)
+
 -- Testing ORDER BY, DISTINCT, FILTER, Ordered-sets and VARIADIC within aggregates
 -- ORDER BY within aggregate, same column used to order
 explain (verbose, costs off)
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index 7ff5147..24c5f09 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4637,7 +4637,6 @@ foreign_grouping_ok(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *grouped_rel)
 	PathTarget *grouping_target = root->upper_targets[UPPERREL_GROUP_AGG];
 	PgFdwRelationInfo *fpinfo = (PgFdwRelationInfo *) grouped_rel->fdw_private;
 	PgFdwRelationInfo *ofpinfo;
-	List	   *aggvars;
 	ListCell   *lc;
 	int			i;
 	List	   *tlist = NIL;
@@ -4663,6 +4662,15 @@ foreign_grouping_ok(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *grouped_rel)
 	 * server.  All GROUP BY expressions will be part of the grouping target
 	 * and thus there is no need to search for them separately.  Add grouping
 	 * expressions into target list which will be passed to foreign server.
+	 *
+	 * A tricky fine point is that we must not put any expression into the
+	 * target list that is just a foreign param (that is, something that
+	 * deparse.c would conclude has to be sent to the foreign server).  If we
+	 * do, the expression will also appear in the fdw_exprs list of the plan
+	 * node, and setrefs.c will get confused and decide that the fdw_exprs
+	 * entry is actually a reference to the fdw_scan_tlist entry, resulting in
+	 * a broken plan.  Somewhat oddly, it's OK if the expression contains such
+	 * a node, as long as it's not at top level; then no match is possible.
 	 */
 	i = 0;
 	foreach(lc, grouping_target->exprs)
@@ -4684,6 +4692,13 @@ foreign_grouping_ok(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *grouped_rel)
 				return false;
 
 			/*
+			 * If it would be a foreign param, we can't put it into the tlist,
+			 * so we have to fail.
+			 */
+			if (is_foreign_param(root, grouped_rel, expr))
+				return false;
+
+			/*
 			 * Pushable, so add to tlist.  We need to create a TLE for this
 			 * expression and apply the sortgroupref to it.  We cannot use
 			 * add_to_flat_tlist() here because that avoids making duplicate
@@ -4698,9 +4713,11 @@ foreign_grouping_ok(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *grouped_rel)
 		else
 		{
 			/*
-			 * Non-grouping expression we need to compute.  Is it shippable?
+			 * Non-grouping expression we need to compute.  Can we ship it
+			 * as-is to the foreign server?
 			 */
-			if (is_foreign_expr(root, grouped_rel, expr))
+			if (is_foreign_expr(root, grouped_rel, expr) &&
+				!is_foreign_param(root, grouped_rel, expr))
 			{
 				/* Yes, so add to tlist as-is; OK to suppress duplicates */
 				tlist = add_to_flat_tlist(tlist, list_make1(expr));
@@ -4708,12 +4725,16 @@ foreign_grouping_ok(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *grouped_rel)
 			else
 			{
 				/* Not pushable as a whole; extract its Vars and aggregates */
+				List	   *aggvars;
+
 				aggvars = pull_var_clause((Node *) expr,
 										  PVC_INCLUDE_AGGREGATES);
 
 				/*
 				 * If any aggregate expression is not shippable, then we
-				 * cannot push down aggregation to the foreign server.
+				 * cannot push down aggregation to the foreign server.  (We
+				 * don't have to check is_foreign_param, since that certainly
+				 * won't return true for any such expression.)
 				 */
 				if (!is_foreign_expr(root, grouped_rel, (Expr *) aggvars))
 					return false;
@@ -4800,7 +4821,8 @@ foreign_grouping_ok(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *grouped_rel)
 			 * If aggregates within local conditions are not safe to push
 			 * down, then we cannot push down the query.  Vars are already
 			 * part of GROUP BY clause which are checked above, so no need to
-			 * access them again here.
+			 * access them again here.  Again, we need not check
+			 * is_foreign_param for a foreign aggregate.
 			 */
 			if (IsA(expr, Aggref))
 			{
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.h b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.h
index 788b003..9f7f307 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.h
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.h
@@ -140,6 +140,9 @@ extern void classifyConditions(PlannerInfo *root,
 extern bool is_foreign_expr(PlannerInfo *root,
 				RelOptInfo *baserel,
 				Expr *expr);
+extern bool is_foreign_param(PlannerInfo *root,
+				 RelOptInfo *baserel,
+				 Expr *expr);
 extern void deparseInsertSql(StringInfo buf, PlannerInfo *root,
 				 Index rtindex, Relation rel,
 				 List *targetAttrs, bool doNothing, List *returningList,
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
index d30afcb..4c3ddc2 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql
@@ -668,6 +668,16 @@ select count(*) from (select c5, count(c1) from ft1 group by c5, sqrt(c2) having
 explain (verbose, costs off)
 select sum(c1) from ft1 group by c2 having avg(c1 * (random() <= 1)::int) > 100 order by 1;
 
+-- Remote aggregate in combination with a local Param (for the output
+-- of an initplan) can be trouble, per bug #15781
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select exists(select 1 from pg_enum), sum(c1) from ft1;
+select exists(select 1 from pg_enum), sum(c1) from ft1;
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select exists(select 1 from pg_enum), sum(c1) from ft1 group by 1;
+select exists(select 1 from pg_enum), sum(c1) from ft1 group by 1;
+
 
 -- Testing ORDER BY, DISTINCT, FILTER, Ordered-sets and VARIADIC within aggregates
 
diff --git a/contrib/test_decoding/expected/ddl.out b/contrib/test_decoding/expected/ddl.out
index 1e22c1e..a5292c3 100644
--- a/contrib/test_decoding/expected/ddl.out
+++ b/contrib/test_decoding/expected/ddl.out
@@ -405,6 +405,24 @@ SELECT data FROM pg_logical_slot_get_changes('regression_slot', NULL, NULL, 'inc
  COMMIT
 (6 rows)
 
+-- check that DDL in aborted subtransactions handled correctly
+CREATE TABLE tr_sub_ddl(data int);
+BEGIN;
+SAVEPOINT a;
+ALTER TABLE tr_sub_ddl ALTER COLUMN data TYPE text;
+INSERT INTO tr_sub_ddl VALUES ('blah-blah');
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT a;
+ALTER TABLE tr_sub_ddl ALTER COLUMN data TYPE bigint;
+INSERT INTO tr_sub_ddl VALUES(43);
+COMMIT;
+SELECT data FROM pg_logical_slot_get_changes('regression_slot', NULL, NULL, 'include-xids', '0', 'skip-empty-xacts', '1');
+                       data                       
+--------------------------------------------------
+ BEGIN
+ table public.tr_sub_ddl: INSERT: data[bigint]:43
+ COMMIT
+(3 rows)
+
 /*
  * Check whether treating a table as a catalog table works somewhat
  */
diff --git a/contrib/test_decoding/expected/rewrite.out b/contrib/test_decoding/expected/rewrite.out
index 3bf2afa..28998b8 100644
--- a/contrib/test_decoding/expected/rewrite.out
+++ b/contrib/test_decoding/expected/rewrite.out
@@ -103,6 +103,10 @@ COMMIT;
  -- repeated rewrites in different transactions
 VACUUM FULL pg_class;
 VACUUM FULL pg_class;
+-- reindexing of important relations / indexes
+REINDEX TABLE pg_class;
+REINDEX INDEX pg_class_oid_index;
+REINDEX INDEX pg_class_tblspc_relfilenode_index;
 INSERT INTO replication_example(somedata, testcolumn1) VALUES (5, 3);
 BEGIN;
 INSERT INTO replication_example(somedata, testcolumn1) VALUES (6, 4);
diff --git a/contrib/test_decoding/sql/ddl.sql b/contrib/test_decoding/sql/ddl.sql
index 057dae0..6a3e33e 100644
--- a/contrib/test_decoding/sql/ddl.sql
+++ b/contrib/test_decoding/sql/ddl.sql
@@ -237,6 +237,19 @@ COMMIT;
 
 SELECT data FROM pg_logical_slot_get_changes('regression_slot', NULL, NULL, 'include-xids', '0', 'skip-empty-xacts', '1');
 
+-- check that DDL in aborted subtransactions handled correctly
+CREATE TABLE tr_sub_ddl(data int);
+BEGIN;
+SAVEPOINT a;
+ALTER TABLE tr_sub_ddl ALTER COLUMN data TYPE text;
+INSERT INTO tr_sub_ddl VALUES ('blah-blah');
+ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT a;
+ALTER TABLE tr_sub_ddl ALTER COLUMN data TYPE bigint;
+INSERT INTO tr_sub_ddl VALUES(43);
+COMMIT;
+
+SELECT data FROM pg_logical_slot_get_changes('regression_slot', NULL, NULL, 'include-xids', '0', 'skip-empty-xacts', '1');
+
 
 /*
  * Check whether treating a table as a catalog table works somewhat
diff --git a/contrib/test_decoding/sql/rewrite.sql b/contrib/test_decoding/sql/rewrite.sql
index 4271b82..c9503a0 100644
--- a/contrib/test_decoding/sql/rewrite.sql
+++ b/contrib/test_decoding/sql/rewrite.sql
@@ -74,6 +74,11 @@ COMMIT;
 VACUUM FULL pg_class;
 VACUUM FULL pg_class;
 
+-- reindexing of important relations / indexes
+REINDEX TABLE pg_class;
+REINDEX INDEX pg_class_oid_index;
+REINDEX INDEX pg_class_tblspc_relfilenode_index;
+
 INSERT INTO replication_example(somedata, testcolumn1) VALUES (5, 3);
 
 BEGIN;
diff --git a/contrib/vacuumlo/vacuumlo.c b/contrib/vacuumlo/vacuumlo.c
index 6808600..fd1afef 100644
--- a/contrib/vacuumlo/vacuumlo.c
+++ b/contrib/vacuumlo/vacuumlo.c
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ vacuumlo(const char *database, const struct _param *param)
 
 	deleted = 0;
 
-	while (1)
+	do
 	{
 		res = PQexec(conn, buf);
 		if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
@@ -354,8 +354,7 @@ vacuumlo(const char *database, const struct _param *param)
 					if (PQtransactionStatus(conn) == PQTRANS_INERROR)
 					{
 						success = false;
-						PQclear(res);
-						break;
+						break;	/* out of inner for-loop */
 					}
 				}
 				else
@@ -393,7 +392,7 @@ vacuumlo(const char *database, const struct _param *param)
 		}
 
 		PQclear(res);
-	}
+	} while (success);
 
 	/*
 	 * That's all folks!
diff --git a/debian/changelog b/debian/changelog
index 1ad4c6c..5b5d48e 100644
--- a/debian/changelog
+++ b/debian/changelog
@@ -1,3 +1,14 @@
+postgresql-10 (10.8-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) bionic; urgency=medium
+
+  * New upstream release(s) (LP: #1828012)
+    - Prevent row-level security policies from being bypassed via
+      selectivity estimators.
+      CVE-2019-10130
+    - Details about these and many further changes can be found at:
+      https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/static/release-10-8.html
+
+ -- Christian Ehrhardt <[e-mail]>  Tue, 07 May 2019 11:20:35 +0200
+
 postgresql-10 (10.7-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) bionic; urgency=medium
 
   * New upstream release (LP: #1815665)
diff --git a/doc/bug.template b/doc/bug.template
index d5f6b15..99b1b91 100644
--- a/doc/bug.template
+++ b/doc/bug.template
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ System Configuration:
 
   Operating System (example: Linux 2.4.18)	:
 
-  PostgreSQL version (example: PostgreSQL 10.7):  PostgreSQL 10.7
+  PostgreSQL version (example: PostgreSQL 10.8):  PostgreSQL 10.8
 
   Compiler used (example: gcc 3.3.5)		:
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
index cd868e3..ef0787a 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
@@ -7783,7 +7783,8 @@ dynamic_library_path = 'C:\tools\postgresql;H:\my_project\lib;$libdir'
        <para>
         When set to false, which is the default, <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
         will raise a PANIC-level error on failure to flush modified data files
-        to the filesystem.  This causes the database server to crash.
+        to the filesystem.  This causes the database server to crash.  This
+        parameter can only be set at server start.
        </para>
        <para>
         On some operating systems, the status of data in the kernel's page
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml
index 25bf01c..90e46ba 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml
@@ -861,7 +861,7 @@ CREATE TABLE <replaceable class="parameter">tablename</replaceable> (
      is equivalent to specifying:
 
 <programlisting>
-CREATE SEQUENCE <replaceable class="parameter">tablename</replaceable>_<replaceable class="parameter">colname</replaceable>_seq;
+CREATE SEQUENCE <replaceable class="parameter">tablename</replaceable>_<replaceable class="parameter">colname</replaceable>_seq AS integer;
 CREATE TABLE <replaceable class="parameter">tablename</replaceable> (
     <replaceable class="parameter">colname</replaceable> integer NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('<replaceable class="parameter">tablename</replaceable>_<replaceable class="parameter">colname</replaceable>_seq')
 );
@@ -4197,9 +4197,11 @@ a0ee-bc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9-bd38-0a11
    <para>
     The <type>xml</type> type can store well-formed
     <quote>documents</quote>, as defined by the XML standard, as well
-    as <quote>content</quote> fragments, which are defined by the
-    production <literal>XMLDecl? content</literal> in the XML
-    standard.  Roughly, this means that content fragments can have
+    as <quote>content</quote> fragments, which are defined by reference
+    to the more permissive
+    <ulink url="https://www.w3.org/TR/2010/REC-xpath-datamodel-20101214/#DocumentNode"><quote>document node</quote></ulink>
+    of the XQuery and XPath data model.
+    Roughly, this means that content fragments can have
     more than one top-level element or character node.  The expression
     <literal><replaceable>xmlvalue</replaceable> IS DOCUMENT</literal>
     can be used to evaluate whether a particular <type>xml</type>
@@ -4274,16 +4276,6 @@ SET xmloption TO { DOCUMENT | CONTENT };
     data are allowed.
    </para>
 
-   <note>
-    <para>
-     With the default XML option setting, you cannot directly cast
-     character strings to type <type>xml</type> if they contain a
-     document type declaration, because the definition of XML content
-     fragment does not accept them.  If you need to do that, either
-     use <literal>XMLPARSE</literal> or change the XML option.
-    </para>
-   </note>
-
    </sect2>
 
    <sect2>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/dblink.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/dblink.sgml
index 1ec4b19..7f1f58b 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/dblink.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/dblink.sgml
@@ -1165,12 +1165,26 @@ dblink_error_message(text connname) returns text
    <title>Return Value</title>
 
    <para>
-    Returns last error message, or an empty string if there has been
+    Returns last error message, or <literal>OK</literal> if there has been
     no error in this connection.
    </para>
   </refsect1>
 
   <refsect1>
+   <title>Notes</title>
+
+   <para>
+    When asynchronous queries are initiated by
+    <function>dblink_send_query</function>, the error message associated with
+    the connection might not get updated until the server's response message
+    is consumed. This typically means that <function>dblink_is_busy</function>
+    or <function>dblink_get_result</function> should be called prior to
+    <function>dblink_error_message</function>, so that any error generated by
+    the asynchronous query will be visible.
+   </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
    <title>Examples</title>
 
 <programlisting>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/external-projects.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/external-projects.sgml
index 74b838b..d0a1ef3 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/external-projects.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/external-projects.sgml
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
      <row>
       <entry>PL/R</entry>
       <entry>R</entry>
-      <entry><ulink url="http://www.joeconway.com/plr.html"></ulink></entry>
+      <entry><ulink url="https://github.com/postgres-plr/plr"></ulink></entry>
      </row>
 
      <row>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
index 8fd1288..4b79566 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
@@ -18533,6 +18533,8 @@ SELECT set_config('log_statement_stats', 'off', false);
     The functions shown in <xref
     linkend="functions-admin-backup-table"> assist in making on-line backups.
     These functions cannot be executed during recovery (except
+    non-exclusive <function>pg_start_backup</function>,
+    non-exclusive <function>pg_stop_backup</function>,
     <function>pg_is_in_backup</function>, <function>pg_backup_start_time</function>
     and <function>pg_wal_lsn_diff</function>).
    </para>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/acronyms.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/acronyms.html
index 30700d3..9246979 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/acronyms.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/acronyms.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Appendix K. Acronyms</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="docguide-style.html" title="J.5. Style Guide" /><link rel="next" href="biblio.html" title="Bibliography" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Appendix K. Acronyms</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="docguide-style.html" title="J.5. Style Guide">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="appendixes.html" title="Part VIII. Appendixes">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Part VIII. Appendixes</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="biblio.html" title="Bibliography">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="appendix" id="ACRONYMS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Appendix K. Acronyms</h2></div></div></div><p>  This is a list of acronyms commonly used in the <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Appendix K. Acronyms</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="docguide-style.html" title="J.5. Style Guide" /><link rel="next" href="biblio.html" title="Bibliography" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Appendix K. Acronyms</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="docguide-style.html" title="J.5. Style Guide">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="appendixes.html" title="Part VIII. Appendixes">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Part VIII. Appendixes</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="biblio.html" title="Bibliography">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="appendix" id="ACRONYMS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Appendix K. Acronyms</h2></div></div></div><p>  This is a list of acronyms commonly used in the <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
   documentation and in discussions about <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>.
 
   </p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><acronym class="acronym">ANSI</acronym></span></dt><dd><p>      <a class="ulink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute" target="_top">      American National Standards Institute</a>
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
       Database Management System</a>
      </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><acronym class="acronym">PAM</acronym></span></dt><dd><p>      <a class="ulink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluggable_Authentication_Modules" target="_top">Pluggable
       Authentication Modules</a>
-     </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><acronym class="acronym">PGSQL</acronym></span></dt><dd><p>      <a class="link" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation"><span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span></a>
+     </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><acronym class="acronym">PGSQL</acronym></span></dt><dd><p>      <a class="link" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation"><span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span></a>
      </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><acronym class="acronym">PGXS</acronym></span></dt><dd><p>      <a class="link" href="extend-pgxs.html" title="37.16. Extension Building Infrastructure"><span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> Extension System</a>
      </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><acronym class="acronym">PID</acronym></span></dt><dd><p>      <a class="ulink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_identifier" target="_top">Process Identifier</a>
      </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><acronym class="acronym">PITR</acronym></span></dt><dd><p>      <a class="link" href="continuous-archiving.html" title="25.3. Continuous Archiving and Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)">Point-In-Time
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/admin.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/admin.html
index a15a98a..ab4bca2 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/admin.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/admin.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Part III. Server Administration</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="parallel-safety.html" title="15.4. Parallel Safety" /><link rel="next" href="installation.html" title="Chapter 16.  Installation from Source Code" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Part III. Server Administration</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="parallel-safety.html" title="15.4. Parallel Safety">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="installation.html" title="Chapter 16.   Installation from Source Code">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="part" id="ADMIN"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Part III. Server Administration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id-1.6.2"><div></div><p>    This part covers topics that are of interest to a
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Part III. Server Administration</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="parallel-safety.html" title="15.4. Parallel Safety" /><link rel="next" href="installation.html" title="Chapter 16.  Installation from Source Code" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Part III. Server Administration</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="parallel-safety.html" title="15.4. Parallel Safety">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="installation.html" title="Chapter 16.   Installation from Source Code">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="part" id="ADMIN"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Part III. Server Administration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id-1.6.2"><div></div><p>    This part covers topics that are of interest to a
     <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database administrator.  This includes
     installation of the software, set up and configuration of the
     server, management of users and databases, and maintenance tasks.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/adminpack.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/adminpack.html
index 7a6061c..50943df 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/adminpack.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/adminpack.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>F.1. adminpack</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules" /><link rel="next" href="amcheck.html" title="F.2. amcheck" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">F.1. adminpack</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="amcheck.html" title="F.2. amcheck">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="ADMINPACK"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">F.1. adminpack</h2></div></div></div><a id="id-1.11.7.10.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>  <code class="filename">adminpack</code> provides a number of support functions which
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>F.1. adminpack</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules" /><link rel="next" href="amcheck.html" title="F.2. amcheck" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">F.1. adminpack</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="amcheck.html" title="F.2. amcheck">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="ADMINPACK"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">F.1. adminpack</h2></div></div></div><a id="id-1.11.7.10.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>  <code class="filename">adminpack</code> provides a number of support functions which
   <span class="application">pgAdmin</span> and other administration and management tools can
   use to provide additional functionality, such as remote management
   of server log files.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/amcheck.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/amcheck.html
index 92b6c2d..4aa7206 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/amcheck.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/amcheck.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>F.2. amcheck</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="adminpack.html" title="F.1. adminpack" /><link rel="next" href="auth-delay.html" title="F.3. auth_delay" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">F.2. amcheck</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="adminpack.html" title="F.1. adminpack">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="auth-delay.html" title="F.3. auth_delay">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="AMCHECK"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">F.2. amcheck</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="amcheck.html#id-1.11.7.11.7">F.2.1. Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="amcheck.html#id-1.11.7.11.8">F.2.2. Using <code class="filename">amcheck</code> effectively</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="amcheck.html#id-1.11.7.11.9">F.2.3. Repairing corruption</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id-1.11.7.11.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>  The <code class="filename">amcheck</code> module provides functions that allow you to
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>F.2. amcheck</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="adminpack.html" title="F.1. adminpack" /><link rel="next" href="auth-delay.html" title="F.3. auth_delay" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">F.2. amcheck</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="adminpack.html" title="F.1. adminpack">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="auth-delay.html" title="F.3. auth_delay">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="AMCHECK"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">F.2. amcheck</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="amcheck.html#id-1.11.7.11.7">F.2.1. Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="amcheck.html#id-1.11.7.11.8">F.2.2. Using <code class="filename">amcheck</code> effectively</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="amcheck.html#id-1.11.7.11.9">F.2.3. Repairing corruption</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id-1.11.7.11.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>  The <code class="filename">amcheck</code> module provides functions that allow you to
   verify the logical consistency of the structure of indexes.  If the
   structure appears to be valid, no error is raised.
  </p><p>  The functions verify various <span class="emphasis"><em>invariants</em></span> in the
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-clusterdb.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-clusterdb.html
index 188dc92..a297c5d 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-clusterdb.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-clusterdb.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>clusterdb</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications" /><link rel="next" href="app-createdb.html" title="createdb" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">clusterdb</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-createdb.html" title="createdb">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-CLUSTERDB"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.3.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">clusterdb</span></span></h2><p>clusterdb — cluster a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.3.4.1"><code class="command">clusterdb</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [ <code class="option">--verbose</code>  |   <code class="option">-v</code> ]       [         <code class="option">--table</code>  |   <code class="option">-t</code>  
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>clusterdb</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications" /><link rel="next" href="app-createdb.html" title="createdb" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">clusterdb</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-createdb.html" title="createdb">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-CLUSTERDB"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.3.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">clusterdb</span></span></h2><p>clusterdb — cluster a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.3.4.1"><code class="command">clusterdb</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [ <code class="option">--verbose</code>  |   <code class="option">-v</code> ]       [         <code class="option">--table</code>  |   <code class="option">-t</code>  
        <em class="replaceable"><code>table</code></em>
      ]
    ...  [<em class="replaceable"><code>dbname</code></em>]</p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.3.4.2"><code class="command">clusterdb</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [ <code class="option">--verbose</code>  |   <code class="option">-v</code> ]   <code class="option">--all</code>  |   <code class="option">-a</code>  </p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.3.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <span class="application">clusterdb</span> is a utility for reclustering tables
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-createdb.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-createdb.html
index 2e820f8..415aadf 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-createdb.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-createdb.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>createdb</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-clusterdb.html" title="clusterdb" /><link rel="next" href="app-createuser.html" title="createuser" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">createdb</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-clusterdb.html" title="clusterdb">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-createuser.html" title="createuser">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-CREATEDB"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.4.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">createdb</span></span></h2><p>createdb — create a new <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.4.4.1"><code class="command">createdb</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>dbname</code></em>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>createdb</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-clusterdb.html" title="clusterdb" /><link rel="next" href="app-createuser.html" title="createuser" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">createdb</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-clusterdb.html" title="clusterdb">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-createuser.html" title="createuser">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-CREATEDB"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.4.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">createdb</span></span></h2><p>createdb — create a new <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.4.4.1"><code class="command">createdb</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>dbname</code></em>
     [<em class="replaceable"><code>description</code></em>]]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="R1-APP-CREATEDB-1"><h2>   Description
   </h2><p>   <span class="application">createdb</span> creates a new <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
    database.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-createuser.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-createuser.html
index 7217900..52c00a3 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-createuser.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-createuser.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>createuser</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-createdb.html" title="createdb" /><link rel="next" href="app-dropdb.html" title="dropdb" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">createuser</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-createdb.html" title="createdb">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-dropdb.html" title="dropdb">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-CREATEUSER"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.5.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">createuser</span></span></h2><p>createuser — define a new <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> user account</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.5.4.1"><code class="command">createuser</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em>]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.5.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <span class="application">createuser</span> creates a
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>createuser</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-createdb.html" title="createdb" /><link rel="next" href="app-dropdb.html" title="dropdb" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">createuser</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-createdb.html" title="createdb">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-dropdb.html" title="dropdb">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-CREATEUSER"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.5.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">createuser</span></span></h2><p>createuser — define a new <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> user account</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.5.4.1"><code class="command">createuser</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em>]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.5.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <span class="application">createuser</span> creates a
    new <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> user (or more precisely, a role).
    Only superusers and users with <code class="literal">CREATEROLE</code> privilege can create
    new users, so <span class="application">createuser</span> must be
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-dropdb.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-dropdb.html
index 228d892..7248006 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-dropdb.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-dropdb.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>dropdb</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-createuser.html" title="createuser" /><link rel="next" href="app-dropuser.html" title="dropuser" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">dropdb</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-createuser.html" title="createuser">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-dropuser.html" title="dropuser">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-DROPDB"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.6.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dropdb</span></span></h2><p>dropdb — remove a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.6.4.1"><code class="command">dropdb</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]  <em class="replaceable"><code>dbname</code></em> </p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.6.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <span class="application">dropdb</span> destroys an existing
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>dropdb</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-createuser.html" title="createuser" /><link rel="next" href="app-dropuser.html" title="dropuser" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">dropdb</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-createuser.html" title="createuser">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-dropuser.html" title="dropuser">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-DROPDB"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.6.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dropdb</span></span></h2><p>dropdb — remove a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.6.4.1"><code class="command">dropdb</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]  <em class="replaceable"><code>dbname</code></em> </p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.6.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <span class="application">dropdb</span> destroys an existing
    <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database.
    The user who executes this command must be a database
    superuser or the owner of the database.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-dropuser.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-dropuser.html
index c713c01..0eaf8ec 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-dropuser.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-dropuser.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>dropuser</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-dropdb.html" title="dropdb" /><link rel="next" href="app-ecpg.html" title="ecpg" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">dropuser</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-dropdb.html" title="dropdb">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-ecpg.html" title="ecpg">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-DROPUSER"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.7.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dropuser</span></span></h2><p>dropuser — remove a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> user account</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.7.4.1"><code class="command">dropuser</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em>]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.7.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <span class="application">dropuser</span> removes an existing
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>dropuser</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-dropdb.html" title="dropdb" /><link rel="next" href="app-ecpg.html" title="ecpg" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">dropuser</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-dropdb.html" title="dropdb">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-ecpg.html" title="ecpg">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-DROPUSER"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.7.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">dropuser</span></span></h2><p>dropuser — remove a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> user account</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.7.4.1"><code class="command">dropuser</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em>]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.7.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <span class="application">dropuser</span> removes an existing
    <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> user.
    Only superusers and users with the <code class="literal">CREATEROLE</code> privilege can
    remove <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> users.  (To remove a
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-ecpg.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-ecpg.html
index 860225c..b20b872 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-ecpg.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-ecpg.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>ecpg</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-dropuser.html" title="dropuser" /><link rel="next" href="app-pgbasebackup.html" title="pg_basebackup" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">ecpg</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-dropuser.html" title="dropuser">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgbasebackup.html" title="pg_basebackup">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-ECPG"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.8.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">ecpg</span></span></h2><p><span class="application">ecpg</span> — embedded SQL C preprocessor</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.8.4.1"><code class="command">ecpg</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]  <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em>... </p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-ECPG-DESCRIPTION"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <code class="command">ecpg</code> is the embedded SQL preprocessor for C
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>ecpg</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-dropuser.html" title="dropuser" /><link rel="next" href="app-pgbasebackup.html" title="pg_basebackup" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">ecpg</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-dropuser.html" title="dropuser">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgbasebackup.html" title="pg_basebackup">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-ECPG"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.8.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">ecpg</span></span></h2><p><span class="application">ecpg</span> — embedded SQL C preprocessor</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.8.4.1"><code class="command">ecpg</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]  <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em>... </p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-ECPG-DESCRIPTION"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <code class="command">ecpg</code> is the embedded SQL preprocessor for C
    programs.  It converts C programs with embedded SQL statements to
    normal C code by replacing the SQL invocations with special
    function calls.  The output files can then be processed with any C
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-initdb.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-initdb.html
index 85a2677..1e6e9e9 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-initdb.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-initdb.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>initdb</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications" /><link rel="next" href="pgarchivecleanup.html" title="pg_archivecleanup" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">initdb</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Server Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="pgarchivecleanup.html" title="pg_archivecleanup">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-INITDB"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.5.3.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">initdb</span></h2><p>initdb — create a new <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database cluster</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.3.4.1"><code class="command">initdb</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]  [ <code class="option">--pgdata</code>  |   <code class="option">-D</code> ]<em class="replaceable"><code> directory</code></em> </p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="R1-APP-INITDB-1"><h2>   Description
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>initdb</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications" /><link rel="next" href="pgarchivecleanup.html" title="pg_archivecleanup" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">initdb</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Server Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="pgarchivecleanup.html" title="pg_archivecleanup">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-INITDB"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.5.3.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">initdb</span></h2><p>initdb — create a new <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database cluster</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.3.4.1"><code class="command">initdb</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]  [ <code class="option">--pgdata</code>  |   <code class="option">-D</code> ]<em class="replaceable"><code> directory</code></em> </p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="R1-APP-INITDB-1"><h2>   Description
   </h2><p>   <code class="command">initdb</code> creates a new
    <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database cluster.  A database
    cluster is a collection of databases that are managed by a single
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pg-ctl.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pg-ctl.html
index b5dd8a7..bdfe3c9 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pg-ctl.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pg-ctl.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_ctl</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pgcontroldata.html" title="pg_controldata" /><link rel="next" href="app-pgresetwal.html" title="pg_resetwal" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">pg_ctl</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgcontroldata.html" title="pg_controldata">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Server Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgresetwal.html" title="pg_resetwal">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PG-CTL"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.5.6.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_ctl</span></span></h2><p>pg_ctl — initialize, start, stop, or control a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> server</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.6.4.1"><code class="command">pg_ctl</code>  <code class="option">init[db]</code>  [<code class="option">-D</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>datadir</code></em>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-o</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>initdb-options</code></em>]</p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.6.4.2"><code class="command">pg_ctl</code>  <code class="option">start</code>  [<code class="option">-D</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>datadir</code></em>] [<code class="option">-l</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>] [<code class="option">-W</code>] [<code class="option">-t</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-o</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em>] [<code class="option">-p</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em>] [<code class="option">-c</code>]</p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.6.4.3"><code class="command">pg_ctl</code>  <code class="option">stop</code>  [<code class="option">-D</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>datadir</code></em>] [<code class="option">-m</code>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_ctl</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pgcontroldata.html" title="pg_controldata" /><link rel="next" href="app-pgresetwal.html" title="pg_resetwal" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">pg_ctl</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgcontroldata.html" title="pg_controldata">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Server Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgresetwal.html" title="pg_resetwal">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PG-CTL"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.5.6.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_ctl</span></span></h2><p>pg_ctl — initialize, start, stop, or control a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> server</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.6.4.1"><code class="command">pg_ctl</code>  <code class="option">init[db]</code>  [<code class="option">-D</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>datadir</code></em>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-o</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>initdb-options</code></em>]</p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.6.4.2"><code class="command">pg_ctl</code>  <code class="option">start</code>  [<code class="option">-D</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>datadir</code></em>] [<code class="option">-l</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>] [<code class="option">-W</code>] [<code class="option">-t</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-o</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em>] [<code class="option">-p</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em>] [<code class="option">-c</code>]</p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.6.4.3"><code class="command">pg_ctl</code>  <code class="option">stop</code>  [<code class="option">-D</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>datadir</code></em>] [<code class="option">-m</code>
         <code class="option">s[mart]</code>  |   <code class="option">f[ast]</code>  |   <code class="option">i[mmediate]</code>  
    ] [<code class="option">-W</code>] [<code class="option">-t</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em>] [<code class="option">-s</code>]</p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.6.4.4"><code class="command">pg_ctl</code>  <code class="option">restart</code>  [<code class="option">-D</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>datadir</code></em>] [<code class="option">-m</code>
         <code class="option">s[mart]</code>  |   <code class="option">f[ast]</code>  |   <code class="option">i[mmediate]</code>  
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pg-dumpall.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pg-dumpall.html
index 61096ca..505aa39 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pg-dumpall.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pg-dumpall.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_dumpall</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump" /><link rel="next" href="app-pg-isready.html" title="pg_isready" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">pg_dumpall</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pg-isready.html" title="pg_isready">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PG-DUMPALL"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.13.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_dumpall</span></span></h2><p>pg_dumpall — extract a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database cluster into a script file</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.13.4.1"><code class="command">pg_dumpall</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-PG-DUMPALL-DESCRIPTION"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> is a utility for writing out
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_dumpall</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump" /><link rel="next" href="app-pg-isready.html" title="pg_isready" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">pg_dumpall</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pg-isready.html" title="pg_isready">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PG-DUMPALL"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.13.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_dumpall</span></span></h2><p>pg_dumpall — extract a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database cluster into a script file</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.13.4.1"><code class="command">pg_dumpall</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-PG-DUMPALL-DESCRIPTION"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> is a utility for writing out
    (<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">dumping</span>”</span>) all <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> databases
    of a cluster into one script file.  The script file contains
    <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> commands that can be used as input to <a class="xref" href="app-psql.html" title="psql"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">psql</span></span></a> to restore the databases.  It does this by
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pg-isready.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pg-isready.html
index f4a85b7..4863f59 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pg-isready.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pg-isready.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_isready</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pg-dumpall.html" title="pg_dumpall" /><link rel="next" href="app-pgreceivewal.html" title="pg_receivewal" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">pg_isready</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pg-dumpall.html" title="pg_dumpall">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgreceivewal.html" title="pg_receivewal">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PG-ISREADY"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.14.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_isready</span></span></h2><p>pg_isready — check the connection status of a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> server</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.14.4.1"><code class="command">pg_isready</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-PG-ISREADY-DESCRIPTION"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <span class="application">pg_isready</span> is a utility for checking the connection
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_isready</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pg-dumpall.html" title="pg_dumpall" /><link rel="next" href="app-pgreceivewal.html" title="pg_receivewal" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">pg_isready</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pg-dumpall.html" title="pg_dumpall">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgreceivewal.html" title="pg_receivewal">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PG-ISREADY"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.14.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_isready</span></span></h2><p>pg_isready — check the connection status of a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> server</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.14.4.1"><code class="command">pg_isready</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-PG-ISREADY-DESCRIPTION"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <span class="application">pg_isready</span> is a utility for checking the connection
    status of a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database server. The exit
    status specifies the result of the connection check.
   </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-PG-ISREADY-OPTIONS"><h2>Options</h2><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>dbname</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--dbname=<em class="replaceable"><code>dbname</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>       Specifies the name of the database to connect to.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgbasebackup.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgbasebackup.html
index 1d1b951..def5bf7 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgbasebackup.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgbasebackup.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_basebackup</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-ecpg.html" title="ecpg" /><link rel="next" href="pgbench.html" title="pgbench" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">pg_basebackup</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-ecpg.html" title="ecpg">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="pgbench.html" title="pgbench">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGBASEBACKUP"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.9.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">pg_basebackup</span></h2><p>pg_basebackup — take a base backup of a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> cluster</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.9.4.1"><code class="command">pg_basebackup</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.9.5"><h2>   Description
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_basebackup</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-ecpg.html" title="ecpg" /><link rel="next" href="pgbench.html" title="pgbench" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">pg_basebackup</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-ecpg.html" title="ecpg">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="pgbench.html" title="pgbench">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGBASEBACKUP"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.9.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">pg_basebackup</span></h2><p>pg_basebackup — take a base backup of a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> cluster</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.9.4.1"><code class="command">pg_basebackup</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.9.5"><h2>   Description
   </h2><p>   <span class="application">pg_basebackup</span> is used to take base backups of
    a running <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database cluster. These
    are taken without affecting other clients to the database, and can be used
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgconfig.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgconfig.html
index d0bf7c3..8ac9edc 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgconfig.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgconfig.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_config</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="pgbench.html" title="pgbench" /><link rel="next" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">pg_config</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="pgbench.html" title="pgbench">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGCONFIG"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.11.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">pg_config</span></h2><p>pg_config — retrieve information about the installed version of <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span></p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.11.4.1"><code class="command">pg_config</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.11.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>   The <span class="application">pg_config</span> utility prints configuration parameters
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_config</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="pgbench.html" title="pgbench" /><link rel="next" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">pg_config</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="pgbench.html" title="pgbench">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGCONFIG"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.11.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">pg_config</span></h2><p>pg_config — retrieve information about the installed version of <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span></p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.11.4.1"><code class="command">pg_config</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.11.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>   The <span class="application">pg_config</span> utility prints configuration parameters
    of the currently installed version of <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>. It is
    intended, for example, to be used by software packages that want to interface
    to <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> to facilitate finding the required header files
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgcontroldata.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgcontroldata.html
index 00ab366..53117d7 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgcontroldata.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgcontroldata.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_controldata</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="pgarchivecleanup.html" title="pg_archivecleanup" /><link rel="next" href="app-pg-ctl.html" title="pg_ctl" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">pg_controldata</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="pgarchivecleanup.html" title="pg_archivecleanup">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Server Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pg-ctl.html" title="pg_ctl">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGCONTROLDATA"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.5.5.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_controldata</span></span></h2><p>pg_controldata — display control information of a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database cluster</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.5.4.1"><code class="command">pg_controldata</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>] [[<code class="option">-D</code>] <em class="replaceable"><code>datadir</code></em>]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="R1-APP-PGCONTROLDATA-1"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <code class="command">pg_controldata</code> prints information initialized during
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_controldata</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="pgarchivecleanup.html" title="pg_archivecleanup" /><link rel="next" href="app-pg-ctl.html" title="pg_ctl" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">pg_controldata</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="pgarchivecleanup.html" title="pg_archivecleanup">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Server Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pg-ctl.html" title="pg_ctl">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGCONTROLDATA"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.5.5.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_controldata</span></span></h2><p>pg_controldata — display control information of a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database cluster</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.5.4.1"><code class="command">pg_controldata</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>] [[<code class="option">-D</code>] <em class="replaceable"><code>datadir</code></em>]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="R1-APP-PGCONTROLDATA-1"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <code class="command">pg_controldata</code> prints information initialized during
    <code class="command">initdb</code>, such as the catalog version.
    It also shows information about write-ahead logging and checkpoint
    processing.  This information is cluster-wide, and not specific to any one
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgdump.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgdump.html
index 16b006e..1f73c27 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgdump.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgdump.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_dump</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pgconfig.html" title="pg_config" /><link rel="next" href="app-pg-dumpall.html" title="pg_dumpall" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">pg_dump</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgconfig.html" title="pg_config">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pg-dumpall.html" title="pg_dumpall">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGDUMP"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.12.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">pg_dump</span></h2><p>pg_dump —    extract a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database into a script file or other archive file
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_dump</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pgconfig.html" title="pg_config" /><link rel="next" href="app-pg-dumpall.html" title="pg_dumpall" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">pg_dump</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgconfig.html" title="pg_config">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pg-dumpall.html" title="pg_dumpall">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGDUMP"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.12.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">pg_dump</span></h2><p>pg_dump —    extract a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database into a script file or other archive file
   </p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.12.4.1"><code class="command">pg_dump</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>dbname</code></em>]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="PG-DUMP-DESCRIPTION"><h2>   Description
   </h2><p>   <span class="application">pg_dump</span> is a utility for backing up a
    <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database. It makes consistent
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgreceivewal.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgreceivewal.html
index 9718a7f..45342e0 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgreceivewal.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgreceivewal.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_receivewal</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pg-isready.html" title="pg_isready" /><link rel="next" href="app-pgrecvlogical.html" title="pg_recvlogical" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">pg_receivewal</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pg-isready.html" title="pg_isready">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgrecvlogical.html" title="pg_recvlogical">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGRECEIVEWAL"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.15.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">pg_receivewal</span></h2><p>pg_receivewal — stream write-ahead logs from a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> server</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.15.4.1"><code class="command">pg_receivewal</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.15.5"><h2>   Description
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_receivewal</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pg-isready.html" title="pg_isready" /><link rel="next" href="app-pgrecvlogical.html" title="pg_recvlogical" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">pg_receivewal</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pg-isready.html" title="pg_isready">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgrecvlogical.html" title="pg_recvlogical">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGRECEIVEWAL"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.15.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">pg_receivewal</span></h2><p>pg_receivewal — stream write-ahead logs from a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> server</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.15.4.1"><code class="command">pg_receivewal</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.15.5"><h2>   Description
   </h2><p>   <span class="application">pg_receivewal</span> is used to stream the write-ahead log
    from a running <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> cluster. The write-ahead
    log is streamed using the streaming replication protocol, and is written
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgrecvlogical.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgrecvlogical.html
index bac5d67..4ecf94b 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgrecvlogical.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgrecvlogical.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_recvlogical</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pgreceivewal.html" title="pg_receivewal" /><link rel="next" href="app-pgrestore.html" title="pg_restore" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">pg_recvlogical</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgreceivewal.html" title="pg_receivewal">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgrestore.html" title="pg_restore">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGRECVLOGICAL"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.16.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_recvlogical</span></span></h2><p>pg_recvlogical — control <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> logical decoding streams</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.16.4.1"><code class="command">pg_recvlogical</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.16.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <code class="command">pg_recvlogical</code> controls logical decoding replication
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_recvlogical</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pgreceivewal.html" title="pg_receivewal" /><link rel="next" href="app-pgrestore.html" title="pg_restore" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">pg_recvlogical</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgreceivewal.html" title="pg_receivewal">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgrestore.html" title="pg_restore">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGRECVLOGICAL"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.16.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_recvlogical</span></span></h2><p>pg_recvlogical — control <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> logical decoding streams</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.16.4.1"><code class="command">pg_recvlogical</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.16.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <code class="command">pg_recvlogical</code> controls logical decoding replication
    slots and streams data from such replication slots.
   </p><p>   It creates a replication-mode connection, so it is subject to the same
    constraints as <a class="xref" href="app-pgreceivewal.html" title="pg_receivewal"><span class="refentrytitle">pg_receivewal</span></a>, plus those for logical
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgresetwal.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgresetwal.html
index 9ad4a7b..36bc8bb 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgresetwal.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgresetwal.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_resetwal</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pg-ctl.html" title="pg_ctl" /><link rel="next" href="app-pgrewind.html" title="pg_rewind" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">pg_resetwal</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pg-ctl.html" title="pg_ctl">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Server Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgrewind.html" title="pg_rewind">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGRESETWAL"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.5.7.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_resetwal</span></span></h2><p>pg_resetwal — reset the write-ahead log and other control information of a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database cluster</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.7.4.1"><code class="command">pg_resetwal</code> [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-n</code>] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] {[<code class="option">-D</code>] <em class="replaceable"><code>datadir</code></em>}</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="R1-APP-PGRESETWAL-1"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <code class="command">pg_resetwal</code> clears the write-ahead log (WAL) and
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_resetwal</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pg-ctl.html" title="pg_ctl" /><link rel="next" href="app-pgrewind.html" title="pg_rewind" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">pg_resetwal</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pg-ctl.html" title="pg_ctl">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Server Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgrewind.html" title="pg_rewind">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGRESETWAL"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.5.7.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_resetwal</span></span></h2><p>pg_resetwal — reset the write-ahead log and other control information of a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database cluster</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.7.4.1"><code class="command">pg_resetwal</code> [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-n</code>] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] {[<code class="option">-D</code>] <em class="replaceable"><code>datadir</code></em>}</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="R1-APP-PGRESETWAL-1"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <code class="command">pg_resetwal</code> clears the write-ahead log (WAL) and
    optionally resets some other control information stored in the
    <code class="filename">pg_control</code> file.  This function is sometimes needed
    if these files have become corrupted.  It should be used only as a
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgrestore.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgrestore.html
index c88cf8f..8705fee 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgrestore.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgrestore.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_restore</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pgrecvlogical.html" title="pg_recvlogical" /><link rel="next" href="app-psql.html" title="psql" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">pg_restore</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgrecvlogical.html" title="pg_recvlogical">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-psql.html" title="psql">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGRESTORE"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.17.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">pg_restore</span></h2><p>pg_restore —    restore a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database from an
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_restore</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pgrecvlogical.html" title="pg_recvlogical" /><link rel="next" href="app-psql.html" title="psql" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">pg_restore</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgrecvlogical.html" title="pg_recvlogical">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-psql.html" title="psql">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGRESTORE"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.17.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">pg_restore</span></h2><p>pg_restore —    restore a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database from an
    archive file created by <span class="application">pg_dump</span>
   </p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.17.4.1"><code class="command">pg_restore</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-PGRESTORE-DESCRIPTION"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <span class="application">pg_restore</span> is a utility for restoring a
    <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database from an archive
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgrewind.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgrewind.html
index 2eb984b..e1f75c1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgrewind.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgrewind.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_rewind</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pgresetwal.html" title="pg_resetwal" /><link rel="next" href="pgtestfsync.html" title="pg_test_fsync" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">pg_rewind</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgresetwal.html" title="pg_resetwal">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Server Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="pgtestfsync.html" title="pg_test_fsync">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGREWIND"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.5.8.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_rewind</span></span></h2><p>pg_rewind — synchronize a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> data directory with another data directory that was forked from it</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.8.4.1"><code class="command">pg_rewind</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]  { <code class="option">-D </code>  |   <code class="option">--target-pgdata</code> }<em class="replaceable"><code> directory</code></em> { <code class="option">--source-pgdata=<em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>  |   <code class="option">--source-server=<em class="replaceable"><code>connstr</code></em></code> } </p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.5.8.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <span class="application">pg_rewind</span> is a tool for synchronizing a PostgreSQL cluster
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_rewind</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pgresetwal.html" title="pg_resetwal" /><link rel="next" href="pgtestfsync.html" title="pg_test_fsync" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">pg_rewind</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgresetwal.html" title="pg_resetwal">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Server Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="pgtestfsync.html" title="pg_test_fsync">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGREWIND"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.5.8.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_rewind</span></span></h2><p>pg_rewind — synchronize a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> data directory with another data directory that was forked from it</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.8.4.1"><code class="command">pg_rewind</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]  { <code class="option">-D </code>  |   <code class="option">--target-pgdata</code> }<em class="replaceable"><code> directory</code></em> { <code class="option">--source-pgdata=<em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>  |   <code class="option">--source-server=<em class="replaceable"><code>connstr</code></em></code> } </p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.5.8.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <span class="application">pg_rewind</span> is a tool for synchronizing a PostgreSQL cluster
    with another copy of the same cluster, after the clusters' timelines have
    diverged. A typical scenario is to bring an old master server back online
    after failover as a standby that follows the new master.
@@ -75,7 +75,13 @@
    </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.5.8.7"><h2>Environment</h2><p>   When <code class="option">--source-server</code> option is used,
    <span class="application">pg_rewind</span> also uses the environment variables
    supported by <span class="application">libpq</span> (see <a class="xref" href="libpq-envars.html" title="33.14. Environment Variables">Section 33.14</a>).
-  </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.5.8.8"><h2>Notes</h2><div class="refsect2" id="id-1.9.5.8.8.2"><h3>How it works</h3><p>    The basic idea is to copy all file system-level changes from the source
+  </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.5.8.8"><h2>Notes</h2><p>   When executing <span class="application">pg_rewind</span> using an online
+   cluster as source which has been recently promoted, it is necessary
+   to execute a <code class="command">CHECKPOINT</code> after promotion so as its
+   control file reflects up-to-date timeline information, which is used by
+   <span class="application">pg_rewind</span> to check if the target cluster
+   can be rewound using the designated source cluster.
+  </p><div class="refsect2" id="id-1.9.5.8.8.3"><h3>How it works</h3><p>    The basic idea is to copy all file system-level changes from the source
     cluster to the target cluster:
    </p><div class="procedure"><ol class="procedure" type="1"><li class="step"><p>      Scan the WAL log of the target cluster, starting from the last
       checkpoint before the point where the source cluster's timeline
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-postgres.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-postgres.html
index 2b0f16e..2ed6612 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-postgres.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-postgres.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>postgres</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="pgwaldump.html" title="pg_waldump" /><link rel="next" href="app-postmaster.html" title="postmaster" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">postgres</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="pgwaldump.html" title="pg_waldump">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Server Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-postmaster.html" title="postmaster">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-POSTGRES"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.5.13.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">postgres</span></span></h2><p>postgres — <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database server</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.13.4.1"><code class="command">postgres</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.5.13.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <code class="command">postgres</code> is the
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>postgres</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="pgwaldump.html" title="pg_waldump" /><link rel="next" href="app-postmaster.html" title="postmaster" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">postgres</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="pgwaldump.html" title="pg_waldump">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Server Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-postmaster.html" title="postmaster">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-POSTGRES"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.5.13.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">postgres</span></span></h2><p>postgres — <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database server</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.13.4.1"><code class="command">postgres</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.5.13.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <code class="command">postgres</code> is the
    <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database server.  In order
    for a client application to access a database it connects (over a
    network or locally) to a running <code class="command">postgres</code> instance.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-postmaster.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-postmaster.html
index 0c5ee7c..c16d44b 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-postmaster.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-postmaster.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>postmaster</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-postgres.html" title="postgres" /><link rel="next" href="internals.html" title="Part VII. Internals" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">postmaster</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-postgres.html" title="postgres">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Server Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="internals.html" title="Part VII. Internals">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-POSTMASTER"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.5.14.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">postmaster</span></span></h2><p>postmaster — <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database server</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.14.4.1"><code class="command">postmaster</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.5.14.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <code class="command">postmaster</code> is a deprecated alias of <code class="command">postgres</code>.
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>postmaster</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-postgres.html" title="postgres" /><link rel="next" href="internals.html" title="Part VII. Internals" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">postmaster</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-postgres.html" title="postgres">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Server Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="internals.html" title="Part VII. Internals">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-POSTMASTER"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.5.14.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">postmaster</span></span></h2><p>postmaster — <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database server</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.5.14.4.1"><code class="command">postmaster</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.5.14.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>   <code class="command">postmaster</code> is a deprecated alias of <code class="command">postgres</code>.
   </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.5.14.6"><h2>See Also</h2><p>   <a class="xref" href="app-postgres.html" title="postgres"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">postgres</span></span></a>
   </p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-postgres.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-server.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="internals.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"><span class="application">postgres</span> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Part VII. Internals</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-psql.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-psql.html
index f17ff93..0e4f553 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-psql.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-psql.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>psql</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pgrestore.html" title="pg_restore" /><link rel="next" href="app-reindexdb.html" title="reindexdb" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">psql</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgrestore.html" title="pg_restore">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-reindexdb.html" title="reindexdb">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PSQL"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.18.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">psql</span></span></h2><p><span class="application">psql</span> —       <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> interactive terminal
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>psql</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pgrestore.html" title="pg_restore" /><link rel="next" href="app-reindexdb.html" title="reindexdb" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">psql</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgrestore.html" title="pg_restore">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-reindexdb.html" title="reindexdb">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PSQL"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.18.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">psql</span></span></h2><p><span class="application">psql</span> —       <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> interactive terminal
     </p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.18.4.1"><code class="command">psql</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>dbname</code></em>
     [<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em>]]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.18.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>     <span class="application">psql</span> is a terminal-based front-end to
      <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>. It enables you to type in
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ $ <strong class="userinput"><code>psql postgresql://dbmaster:5433/mydb?sslmode=r
     <span class="application">psql</span> is currently connected, followed by
     the string <code class="literal">=&gt;</code>. For example:
 </p><pre class="programlisting">$ <strong class="userinput"><code>psql testdb</code></strong>
-psql (10.7)
+psql (10.8)
 Type "help" for help.
 
 testdb=&gt;</pre><p>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-reindexdb.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-reindexdb.html
index 41d5a89..ba4f0bb 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-reindexdb.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-reindexdb.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>reindexdb</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-psql.html" title="psql" /><link rel="next" href="app-vacuumdb.html" title="vacuumdb" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">reindexdb</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-psql.html" title="psql">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-vacuumdb.html" title="vacuumdb">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-REINDEXDB"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.19.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">reindexdb</span></span></h2><p>reindexdb — reindex a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.19.4.1"><code class="command">reindexdb</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]      [       <code class="option">--schema</code>  |   <code class="option">-S</code>  
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>reindexdb</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-psql.html" title="psql" /><link rel="next" href="app-vacuumdb.html" title="vacuumdb" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">reindexdb</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-psql.html" title="psql">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-vacuumdb.html" title="vacuumdb">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-REINDEXDB"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.19.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">reindexdb</span></span></h2><p>reindexdb — reindex a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.19.4.1"><code class="command">reindexdb</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]      [       <code class="option">--schema</code>  |   <code class="option">-S</code>  
      <em class="replaceable"><code>schema</code></em>
     ]
    ...       [       <code class="option">--table</code>  |   <code class="option">-t</code>  
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-vacuumdb.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-vacuumdb.html
index fa04150..9dc8dfe 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-vacuumdb.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-vacuumdb.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>vacuumdb</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-reindexdb.html" title="reindexdb" /><link rel="next" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">vacuumdb</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-reindexdb.html" title="reindexdb">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-VACUUMDB"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.20.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">vacuumdb</span></span></h2><p>vacuumdb — garbage-collect and analyze a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.20.4.1"><code class="command">vacuumdb</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]      [       <code class="option">--table</code>  |   <code class="option">-t</code>  
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>vacuumdb</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-reindexdb.html" title="reindexdb" /><link rel="next" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">vacuumdb</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-reindexdb.html" title="reindexdb">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="reference-server.html" title="PostgreSQL Server Applications">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-VACUUMDB"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.20.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">vacuumdb</span></span></h2><p>vacuumdb — garbage-collect and analyze a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.20.4.1"><code class="command">vacuumdb</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]      [       <code class="option">--table</code>  |   <code class="option">-t</code>  
      <em class="replaceable"><code>table</code></em>
       [( <em class="replaceable"><code>column</code></em> [,...] )]
     ]
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/appendixes.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/appendixes.html
index 1b54d49..69520f3 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/appendixes.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/appendixes.html
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Part VIII. Appendixes</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="planner-stats-security.html" title="68.3. Planner Statistics and Security" /><link rel="next" href="errcodes-appendix.html" title="Appendix A. PostgreSQL Error Codes" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Part VIII. Appendixes</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="planner-stats-security.html" title="68.3. Planner Statistics and Security">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="errcodes-appendix.html" title="Appendix A. PostgreSQL Error Codes">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="part" id="APPENDIXES"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Part VIII. Appendixes</h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="errcodes-appendix.html">A. <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> Error Codes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="datetime-appendix.html">B. Date/Time Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="datetime-input-rules.html">B.1. Date/Time Input Interpretation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="datetime-invalid-input.html">B.2. Handling of Invalid or Ambiguous Timestamps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="datetime-keywords.html">B.3. Date/Time Key Words</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="datetime-config-files.html">B.4. Date/Time Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="datetime-units-history.html">B.5. History of Units</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="sql-keywords-appendix.html">C. <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> Key Words</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="features.html">D. SQL Conformance</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="features-sql-standard.html">D.1. Supported Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="unsupported-features-sql-standard.html">D.2. Unsupported Features</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="release.html">E. Release Notes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-10-7.html">E.1. Release 10.7</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-10-6.html">E.2. Release 10.6</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-10-5.html">E.3. Release 10.5</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-10-4.html">E.4. Release 10.4</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-10-3.html">E.5. Release 10.3</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-10-2.html">E.6. Release 10.2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-10-1.html">E.7. Release 10.1</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-10.html">E.8. Release 10</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-prior.html">E.9. Prior Releases</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="contrib.html">F. Additional Supplied Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="adminpack.html">F.1. adminpack</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="amcheck.html">F.2. amcheck</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="auth-delay.html">F.3. auth_delay</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="auto-explain.html">F.4. auto_explain</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bloom.html">F.5. bloom</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="btree-gin.html">F.6. btree_gin</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="btree-gist.html">F.7. btree_gist</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="chkpass.html">F.8. chkpass</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="citext.html">F.9. citext</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="cube.html">F.10. cube</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="dblink.html">F.11. dblink</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="dict-int.html">F.12. dict_int</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="dict-xsyn.html">F.13. dict_xsyn</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="earthdistance.html">F.14. earthdistance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="file-fdw.html">F.15. file_fdw</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="fuzzystrmatch.html">F.16. fuzzystrmatch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="hstore.html">F.17. hstore</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="intagg.html">F.18. intagg</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="intarray.html">F.19. intarray</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="isn.html">F.20. isn</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="lo.html">F.21. lo</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ltree.html">F.22. ltree</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pageinspect.html">F.23. pageinspect</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="passwordcheck.html">F.24. passwordcheck</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgbuffercache.html">F.25. pg_buffercache</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgcrypto.html">F.26. pgcrypto</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgfreespacemap.html">F.27. pg_freespacemap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgprewarm.html">F.28. pg_prewarm</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgrowlocks.html">F.29. pgrowlocks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgstatstatements.html">F.30. pg_stat_statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgstattuple.html">F.31. pgstattuple</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgtrgm.html">F.32. pg_trgm</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgvisibility.html">F.33. pg_visibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="postgres-fdw.html">F.34. postgres_fdw</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="seg.html">F.35. seg</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="sepgsql.html">F.36. sepgsql</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="contrib-spi.html">F.37. spi</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="sslinfo.html">F.38. sslinfo</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="tablefunc.html">F.39. tablefunc</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="tcn.html">F.40. tcn</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="test-decoding.html">F.41. test_decoding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="tsm-system-rows.html">F.42. tsm_system_rows</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="tsm-system-time.html">F.43. tsm_system_time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="unaccent.html">F.44. unaccent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="uuid-ossp.html">F.45. uuid-ossp</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="xml2.html">F.46. xml2</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="contrib-prog.html">G. Additional Supplied Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="contrib-prog-client.html">G.1. Client Applications</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="contrib-prog-server.html">G.2. Server Applications</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="external-projects.html">H. External Projects</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="external-interfaces.html">H.1. Client Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="external-admin-tools.html">H.2. Administration Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="external-pl.html">H.3. Procedural Languages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="external-extensions.html">H.4. Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="sourcerepo.html">I. The Source Code Repository</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="git.html">I.1. Getting The Source via <span class="productname">Git</span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="docguide.html">J. Documentation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="docguide-docbook.html">J.1. DocBook</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="docguide-toolsets.html">J.2. Tool Sets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="docguide-build.html">J.3. Building The Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="docguide-authoring.html">J.4. Documentation Authoring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="docguide-style.html">J.5. Style Guide</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="acronyms.html">K. Acronyms</a></span></dt></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="planner-stats-security.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="errcodes-appendix.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">68.3. Planner Statistics and Security </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Appendix A. <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> Error Codes</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Part VIII. Appendixes</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="planner-stats-security.html" title="68.3. Planner Statistics and Security" /><link rel="next" href="errcodes-appendix.html" title="Appendix A. PostgreSQL Error Codes" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Part VIII. Appendixes</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="planner-stats-security.html" title="68.3. Planner Statistics and Security">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="errcodes-appendix.html" title="Appendix A. PostgreSQL Error Codes">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="part" id="APPENDIXES"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Part VIII. Appendixes</h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="errcodes-appendix.html">A. <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> Error Codes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="datetime-appendix.html">B. Date/Time Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="datetime-input-rules.html">B.1. Date/Time Input Interpretation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="datetime-invalid-input.html">B.2. Handling of Invalid or Ambiguous Timestamps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="datetime-keywords.html">B.3. Date/Time Key Words</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="datetime-config-files.html">B.4. Date/Time Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="datetime-units-history.html">B.5. History of Units</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="sql-keywords-appendix.html">C. <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> Key Words</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="features.html">D. SQL Conformance</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="features-sql-standard.html">D.1. Supported Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="unsupported-features-sql-standard.html">D.2. Unsupported Features</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="release.html">E. Release Notes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-10-8.html">E.1. Release 10.8</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-10-7.html">E.2. Release 10.7</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-10-6.html">E.3. Release 10.6</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-10-5.html">E.4. Release 10.5</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-10-4.html">E.5. Release 10.4</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-10-3.html">E.6. Release 10.3</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-10-2.html">E.7. Release 10.2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-10-1.html">E.8. Release 10.1</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-10.html">E.9. Release 10</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="release-prior.html">E.10. Prior Releases</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="contrib.html">F. Additional Supplied Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="adminpack.html">F.1. adminpack</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="amcheck.html">F.2. amcheck</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="auth-delay.html">F.3. auth_delay</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="auto-explain.html">F.4. auto_explain</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bloom.html">F.5. bloom</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="btree-gin.html">F.6. btree_gin</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="btree-gist.html">F.7. btree_gist</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="chkpass.html">F.8. chkpass</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="citext.html">F.9. citext</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="cube.html">F.10. cube</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="dblink.html">F.11. dblink</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="dict-int.html">F.12. dict_int</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="dict-xsyn.html">F.13. dict_xsyn</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="earthdistance.html">F.14. earthdistance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="file-fdw.html">F.15. file_fdw</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="fuzzystrmatch.html">F.16. fuzzystrmatch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="hstore.html">F.17. hstore</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="intagg.html">F.18. intagg</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="intarray.html">F.19. intarray</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="isn.html">F.20. isn</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="lo.html">F.21. lo</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ltree.html">F.22. ltree</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pageinspect.html">F.23. pageinspect</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="passwordcheck.html">F.24. passwordcheck</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgbuffercache.html">F.25. pg_buffercache</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgcrypto.html">F.26. pgcrypto</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgfreespacemap.html">F.27. pg_freespacemap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgprewarm.html">F.28. pg_prewarm</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgrowlocks.html">F.29. pgrowlocks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgstatstatements.html">F.30. pg_stat_statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgstattuple.html">F.31. pgstattuple</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgtrgm.html">F.32. pg_trgm</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="pgvisibility.html">F.33. pg_visibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="postgres-fdw.html">F.34. postgres_fdw</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="seg.html">F.35. seg</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="sepgsql.html">F.36. sepgsql</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="contrib-spi.html">F.37. spi</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="sslinfo.html">F.38. sslinfo</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="tablefunc.html">F.39. tablefunc</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="tcn.html">F.40. tcn</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="test-decoding.html">F.41. test_decoding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="tsm-system-rows.html">F.42. tsm_system_rows</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="tsm-system-time.html">F.43. tsm_system_time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="unaccent.html">F.44. unaccent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="uuid-ossp.html">F.45. uuid-ossp</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="xml2.html">F.46. xml2</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="contrib-prog.html">G. Additional Supplied Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="contrib-prog-client.html">G.1. Client Applications</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="contrib-prog-server.html">G.2. Server Applications</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="external-projects.html">H. External Projects</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="external-interfaces.html">H.1. Client Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="external-admin-tools.html">H.2. Administration Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="external-pl.html">H.3. Procedural Languages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="external-extensions.html">H.4. Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="sourcerepo.html">I. The Source Code Repository</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="git.html">I.1. Getting The Source via <span class="productname">Git</span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="docguide.html">J. Documentation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="docguide-docbook.html">J.1. DocBook</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="docguide-toolsets.html">J.2. Tool Sets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="docguide-build.html">J.3. Building The Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="docguide-authoring.html">J.4. Documentation Authoring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="docguide-style.html">J.5. Style Guide</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="acronyms.html">K. Acronyms</a></span></dt></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="planner-stats-security.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="errcodes-appendix.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">68.3. Planner Statistics and Security </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Appendix A. <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> Error Codes</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/applevel-consistency.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/applevel-consistency.html
index 4b31cb1..f04fdde 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/applevel-consistency.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/applevel-consistency.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>13.4. Data Consistency Checks at the Application Level</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="explicit-locking.html" title="13.3. Explicit Locking" /><link rel="next" href="mvcc-caveats.html" title="13.5. Caveats" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">13.4. Data Consistency Checks at the Application Level</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="explicit-locking.html" title="13.3. Explicit Locking">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="mvcc.html" title="Chapter 13. Concurrency Control">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 13. Concurrency Control</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="mvcc-caveats.html" title="13.5. Caveats">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="APPLEVEL-CONSISTENCY"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">13.4. Data Consistency Checks at the Application Level</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="applevel-consistency.html#SERIALIZABLE-CONSISTENCY">13.4.1. Enforcing Consistency With Serializable Transactions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="applevel-consistency.html#NON-SERIALIZABLE-CONSISTENCY">13.4.2. Enforcing Consistency With Explicit Blocking Locks</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>    It is very difficult to enforce business rules regarding data integrity
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>13.4. Data Consistency Checks at the Application Level</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="explicit-locking.html" title="13.3. Explicit Locking" /><link rel="next" href="mvcc-caveats.html" title="13.5. Caveats" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">13.4. Data Consistency Checks at the Application Level</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="explicit-locking.html" title="13.3. Explicit Locking">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="mvcc.html" title="Chapter 13. Concurrency Control">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 13. Concurrency Control</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="mvcc-caveats.html" title="13.5. Caveats">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="APPLEVEL-CONSISTENCY"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">13.4. Data Consistency Checks at the Application Level</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="applevel-consistency.html#SERIALIZABLE-CONSISTENCY">13.4.1. Enforcing Consistency With Serializable Transactions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="applevel-consistency.html#NON-SERIALIZABLE-CONSISTENCY">13.4.2. Enforcing Consistency With Explicit Blocking Locks</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>    It is very difficult to enforce business rules regarding data integrity
     using Read Committed transactions because the view of the data is
     shifting with each statement, and even a single statement may not
     restrict itself to the statement's snapshot if a write conflict occurs.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/archive-recovery-settings.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/archive-recovery-settings.html
index 69f23fa..6469565 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/archive-recovery-settings.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/archive-recovery-settings.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>27.1. Archive Recovery Settings</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="recovery-config.html" title="Chapter 27. Recovery Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="recovery-target-settings.html" title="27.2. Recovery Target Settings" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">27.1. Archive Recovery Settings</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="recovery-config.html" title="Chapter 27. Recovery Configuration">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="recovery-config.html" title="Chapter 27. Recovery Configuration">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 27. Recovery Configuration</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="recovery-target-settings.html" title="27.2. Recovery Target Settings">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="ARCHIVE-RECOVERY-SETTINGS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">27.1. Archive Recovery Settings</h2></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt id="RESTORE-COMMAND"><span class="term"><code class="varname">restore_command</code> (<code class="type">string</code>)
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>27.1. Archive Recovery Settings</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="recovery-config.html" title="Chapter 27. Recovery Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="recovery-target-settings.html" title="27.2. Recovery Target Settings" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">27.1. Archive Recovery Settings</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="recovery-config.html" title="Chapter 27. Recovery Configuration">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="recovery-config.html" title="Chapter 27. Recovery Configuration">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 27. Recovery Configuration</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="recovery-target-settings.html" title="27.2. Recovery Target Settings">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="ARCHIVE-RECOVERY-SETTINGS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">27.1. Archive Recovery Settings</h2></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt id="RESTORE-COMMAND"><span class="term"><code class="varname">restore_command</code> (<code class="type">string</code>)
       <a id="id-1.6.14.6.2.1.1.3" class="indexterm"></a>
       </span></dt><dd><p>        The local shell command to execute to retrieve an archived segment of
         the WAL file series. This parameter is required for archive recovery,
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/arrays.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/arrays.html
index 1a6a668..a69c898 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/arrays.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/arrays.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>8.15. Arrays</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="datatype-json.html" title="8.14. JSON Types" /><link rel="next" href="rowtypes.html" title="8.16. Composite Types" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">8.15. Arrays</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="datatype-json.html" title="8.14. JSON Types">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="datatype.html" title="Chapter 8. Data Types">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 8. Data Types</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="rowtypes.html" title="8.16. Composite Types">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="ARRAYS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">8.15. Arrays</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-DECLARATION">8.15.1. Declaration of Array Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-INPUT">8.15.2. Array Value Input</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-ACCESSING">8.15.3. Accessing Arrays</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-MODIFYING">8.15.4. Modifying Arrays</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-SEARCHING">8.15.5. Searching in Arrays</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-IO">8.15.6. Array Input and Output Syntax</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id-1.5.7.23.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>  <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> allows columns of a table to be
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>8.15. Arrays</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="datatype-json.html" title="8.14. JSON Types" /><link rel="next" href="rowtypes.html" title="8.16. Composite Types" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">8.15. Arrays</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="datatype-json.html" title="8.14. JSON Types">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="datatype.html" title="Chapter 8. Data Types">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 8. Data Types</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="rowtypes.html" title="8.16. Composite Types">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="ARRAYS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">8.15. Arrays</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-DECLARATION">8.15.1. Declaration of Array Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-INPUT">8.15.2. Array Value Input</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-ACCESSING">8.15.3. Accessing Arrays</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-MODIFYING">8.15.4. Modifying Arrays</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-SEARCHING">8.15.5. Searching in Arrays</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-IO">8.15.6. Array Input and Output Syntax</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id-1.5.7.23.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>  <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> allows columns of a table to be
   defined as variable-length multidimensional arrays. Arrays of any
   built-in or user-defined base type, enum type, or composite type
   can be created.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/auth-delay.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/auth-delay.html
index 4641d0a..8d77c7e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/auth-delay.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/auth-delay.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>F.3. auth_delay</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="amcheck.html" title="F.2. amcheck" /><link rel="next" href="auto-explain.html" title="F.4. auto_explain" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">F.3. auth_delay</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="amcheck.html" title="F.2. amcheck">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="auto-explain.html" title="F.4. auto_explain">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="AUTH-DELAY"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">F.3. auth_delay</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-delay.html#id-1.11.7.12.5">F.3.1. Configuration Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-delay.html#id-1.11.7.12.6">F.3.2. Author</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id-1.11.7.12.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>  <code class="filename">auth_delay</code> causes the server to pause briefly before
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>F.3. auth_delay</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="amcheck.html" title="F.2. amcheck" /><link rel="next" href="auto-explain.html" title="F.4. auto_explain" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">F.3. auth_delay</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="amcheck.html" title="F.2. amcheck">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="auto-explain.html" title="F.4. auto_explain">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="AUTH-DELAY"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">F.3. auth_delay</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-delay.html#id-1.11.7.12.5">F.3.1. Configuration Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-delay.html#id-1.11.7.12.6">F.3.2. Author</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id-1.11.7.12.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>  <code class="filename">auth_delay</code> causes the server to pause briefly before
   reporting authentication failure, to make brute-force attacks on database
   passwords more difficult.  Note that it does nothing to prevent
   denial-of-service attacks, and may even exacerbate them, since processes
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/auth-methods.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/auth-methods.html
index 655bfc1..d3594da 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/auth-methods.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/auth-methods.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>20.3. Authentication Methods</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="auth-username-maps.html" title="20.2. User Name Maps" /><link rel="next" href="client-authentication-problems.html" title="20.4. Authentication Problems" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">20.3. Authentication Methods</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="auth-username-maps.html" title="20.2. User Name Maps">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="client-authentication.html" title="Chapter 20. Client Authentication">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 20. Client Authentication</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="client-authentication-problems.html" title="20.4. Authentication Problems">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="AUTH-METHODS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">20.3. Authentication Methods</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-TRUST">20.3.1. Trust Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-PASSWORD">20.3.2. Password Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#GSSAPI-AUTH">20.3.3. GSSAPI Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#SSPI-AUTH">20.3.4. SSPI Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-IDENT">20.3.5. Ident Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-PEER">20.3.6. Peer Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-LDAP">20.3.7. LDAP Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-RADIUS">20.3.8. RADIUS Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-CERT">20.3.9. Certificate Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-PAM">20.3.10. PAM Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-BSD">20.3.11. BSD Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>   The following subsections describe the authentication methods in more detail.
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>20.3. Authentication Methods</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="auth-username-maps.html" title="20.2. User Name Maps" /><link rel="next" href="client-authentication-problems.html" title="20.4. Authentication Problems" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">20.3. Authentication Methods</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="auth-username-maps.html" title="20.2. User Name Maps">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="client-authentication.html" title="Chapter 20. Client Authentication">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 20. Client Authentication</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="client-authentication-problems.html" title="20.4. Authentication Problems">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="AUTH-METHODS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">20.3. Authentication Methods</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-TRUST">20.3.1. Trust Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-PASSWORD">20.3.2. Password Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#GSSAPI-AUTH">20.3.3. GSSAPI Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#SSPI-AUTH">20.3.4. SSPI Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-IDENT">20.3.5. Ident Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-PEER">20.3.6. Peer Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-LDAP">20.3.7. LDAP Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-RADIUS">20.3.8. RADIUS Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-CERT">20.3.9. Certificate Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-PAM">20.3.10. PAM Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-BSD">20.3.11. BSD Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>   The following subsections describe the authentication methods in more detail.
   </p><div class="sect2" id="AUTH-TRUST"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">20.3.1. Trust Authentication</h3></div></div></div><p>    When <code class="literal">trust</code> authentication is specified,
     <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> assumes that anyone who can
     connect to the server is authorized to access the database with
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/auth-pg-hba-conf.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/auth-pg-hba-conf.html
index 6868277..4cc7b10 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/auth-pg-hba-conf.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/auth-pg-hba-conf.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>20.1. The pg_hba.conf File</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="client-authentication.html" title="Chapter 20. Client Authentication" /><link rel="next" href="auth-username-maps.html" title="20.2. User Name Maps" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">20.1. The <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">pg_hba.conf</code> File</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="client-authentication.html" title="Chapter 20. Client Authentication">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="client-authentication.html" title="Chapter 20. Client Authentication">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 20. Client Authentication</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="auth-username-maps.html" title="20.2. User Name Maps">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="AUTH-PG-HBA-CONF"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">20.1. The <code class="filename">pg_hba.conf</code> File</h2></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.7.8.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>   Client authentication is controlled by a configuration file,
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>20.1. The pg_hba.conf File</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="client-authentication.html" title="Chapter 20. Client Authentication" /><link rel="next" href="auth-username-maps.html" title="20.2. User Name Maps" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">20.1. The <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">pg_hba.conf</code> File</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="client-authentication.html" title="Chapter 20. Client Authentication">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="client-authentication.html" title="Chapter 20. Client Authentication">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 20. Client Authentication</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="auth-username-maps.html" title="20.2. User Name Maps">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="AUTH-PG-HBA-CONF"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">20.1. The <code class="filename">pg_hba.conf</code> File</h2></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.7.8.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>   Client authentication is controlled by a configuration file,
    which traditionally is named
    <code class="filename">pg_hba.conf</code> and is stored in the database
    cluster's data directory.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/auth-username-maps.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/auth-username-maps.html
index 1408ccc..13cce08 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/auth-username-maps.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/auth-username-maps.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>20.2. User Name Maps</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="auth-pg-hba-conf.html" title="20.1. The pg_hba.conf File" /><link rel="next" href="auth-methods.html" title="20.3. Authentication Methods" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">20.2. User Name Maps</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="auth-pg-hba-conf.html" title="20.1. The pg_hba.conf File">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="client-authentication.html" title="Chapter 20. Client Authentication">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 20. Client Authentication</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="auth-methods.html" title="20.3. Authentication Methods">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="AUTH-USERNAME-MAPS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">20.2. User Name Maps</h2></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.7.9.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>   When using an external authentication system such as Ident or GSSAPI,
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>20.2. User Name Maps</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="auth-pg-hba-conf.html" title="20.1. The pg_hba.conf File" /><link rel="next" href="auth-methods.html" title="20.3. Authentication Methods" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">20.2. User Name Maps</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="auth-pg-hba-conf.html" title="20.1. The pg_hba.conf File">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="client-authentication.html" title="Chapter 20. Client Authentication">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 20. Client Authentication</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="auth-methods.html" title="20.3. Authentication Methods">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="AUTH-USERNAME-MAPS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">20.2. User Name Maps</h2></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.7.9.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>   When using an external authentication system such as Ident or GSSAPI,
    the name of the operating system user that initiated the connection
    might not be the same as the database user (role) that is to be used.
    In this case, a user name map can be applied to map the operating system
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/auto-explain.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/auto-explain.html
index 72eec9a..762de24 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/auto-explain.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/auto-explain.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>F.4. auto_explain</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="auth-delay.html" title="F.3. auth_delay" /><link rel="next" href="bloom.html" title="F.5. bloom" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">F.4. auto_explain</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="auth-delay.html" title="F.3. auth_delay">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bloom.html" title="F.5. bloom">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="AUTO-EXPLAIN"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">F.4. auto_explain</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5">F.4.1. Configuration Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.6">F.4.2. Example</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.7">F.4.3. Author</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id-1.11.7.13.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>  The <code class="filename">auto_explain</code> module provides a means for
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>F.4. auto_explain</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="auth-delay.html" title="F.3. auth_delay" /><link rel="next" href="bloom.html" title="F.5. bloom" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">F.4. auto_explain</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="auth-delay.html" title="F.3. auth_delay">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bloom.html" title="F.5. bloom">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="AUTO-EXPLAIN"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">F.4. auto_explain</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5">F.4.1. Configuration Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.6">F.4.2. Example</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.7">F.4.3. Author</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id-1.11.7.13.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>  The <code class="filename">auto_explain</code> module provides a means for
   logging execution plans of slow statements automatically, without
   having to run <a class="xref" href="sql-explain.html" title="EXPLAIN"><span class="refentrytitle">EXPLAIN</span></a>
   by hand.  This is especially helpful for tracking down un-optimized queries
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/backup-dump.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/backup-dump.html
index dcf6adc..890a84d 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/backup-dump.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/backup-dump.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>25.1. SQL Dump</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="backup.html" title="Chapter 25. Backup and Restore" /><link rel="next" href="backup-file.html" title="25.2. File System Level Backup" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">25.1. <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">SQL</acronym> Dump</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="backup.html" title="Chapter 25. Backup and Restore">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="backup.html" title="Chapter 25. Backup and Restore">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 25. Backup and Restore</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="backup-file.html" title="25.2. File System Level Backup">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="BACKUP-DUMP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">25.1. <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> Dump</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="backup-dump.html#BACKUP-DUMP-RESTORE">25.1.1. Restoring the Dump</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="backup-dump.html#BACKUP-DUMP-ALL">25.1.2. Using <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="backup-dump.html#BACKUP-DUMP-LARGE">25.1.3. Handling Large Databases</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>   The idea behind this dump method is to generate a file with SQL
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>25.1. SQL Dump</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="backup.html" title="Chapter 25. Backup and Restore" /><link rel="next" href="backup-file.html" title="25.2. File System Level Backup" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">25.1. <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">SQL</acronym> Dump</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="backup.html" title="Chapter 25. Backup and Restore">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="backup.html" title="Chapter 25. Backup and Restore">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 25. Backup and Restore</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="backup-file.html" title="25.2. File System Level Backup">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="BACKUP-DUMP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">25.1. <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> Dump</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="backup-dump.html#BACKUP-DUMP-RESTORE">25.1.1. Restoring the Dump</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="backup-dump.html#BACKUP-DUMP-ALL">25.1.2. Using <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="backup-dump.html#BACKUP-DUMP-LARGE">25.1.3. Handling Large Databases</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>   The idea behind this dump method is to generate a file with SQL
    commands that, when fed back to the server, will recreate the
    database in the same state as it was at the time of the dump.
    <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> provides the utility program
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/backup-file.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/backup-file.html
index 580a34b..d16e4ba 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/backup-file.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/backup-file.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>25.2. File System Level Backup</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="backup-dump.html" title="25.1. SQL Dump" /><link rel="next" href="continuous-archiving.html" title="25.3. Continuous Archiving and Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">25.2. File System Level Backup</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="backup-dump.html" title="25.1. SQL Dump">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="backup.html" title="Chapter 25. Backup and Restore">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 25. Backup and Restore</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="continuous-archiving.html" title="25.3. Continuous Archiving and Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="BACKUP-FILE"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">25.2. File System Level Backup</h2></div></div></div><p>   An alternative backup strategy is to directly copy the files that
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>25.2. File System Level Backup</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="backup-dump.html" title="25.1. SQL Dump" /><link rel="next" href="continuous-archiving.html" title="25.3. Continuous Archiving and Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">25.2. File System Level Backup</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="backup-dump.html" title="25.1. SQL Dump">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="backup.html" title="Chapter 25. Backup and Restore">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 25. Backup and Restore</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="continuous-archiving.html" title="25.3. Continuous Archiving and Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="BACKUP-FILE"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">25.2. File System Level Backup</h2></div></div></div><p>   An alternative backup strategy is to directly copy the files that
    <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> uses to store the data in the database;
    <a class="xref" href="creating-cluster.html" title="18.2. Creating a Database Cluster">Section 18.2</a> explains where these files
    are located.  You can use whatever method you prefer
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/backup.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/backup.html
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--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/backup.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/backup.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 25. Backup and Restore</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="logfile-maintenance.html" title="24.3. Log File Maintenance" /><link rel="next" href="backup-dump.html" title="25.1. SQL Dump" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Chapter 25. Backup and Restore</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="logfile-maintenance.html" title="24.3. Log File Maintenance">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="admin.html" title="Part III. Server Administration">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. Server Administration</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="backup-dump.html" title="25.1. SQL Dump">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="chapter" id="BACKUP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 25. Backup and Restore</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="backup-dump.html">25.1. <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> Dump</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="backup-dump.html#BACKUP-DUMP-RESTORE">25.1.1. Restoring the Dump</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="backup-dump.html#BACKUP-DUMP-ALL">25.1.2. Using <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="backup-dump.html#BACKUP-DUMP-LARGE">25.1.3. Handling Large Databases</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="backup-file.html">25.2. File System Level Backup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="continuous-archiving.html">25.3. Continuous Archiving and Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-ARCHIVING-WAL">25.3.1. Setting Up WAL Archiving</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-BASE-BACKUP">25.3.2. Making a Base Backup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-LOWLEVEL-BASE-BACKUP">25.3.3. Making a Base Backup Using the Low Level API</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-PITR-RECOVERY">25.3.4. Recovering Using a Continuous Archive Backup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-TIMELINES">25.3.5. Timelines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-TIPS">25.3.6. Tips and Examples</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="continuous-archiving.html#CONTINUOUS-ARCHIVING-CAVEATS">25.3.7. Caveats</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id-1.6.12.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>  As with everything that contains valuable data, <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 25. Backup and Restore</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="logfile-maintenance.html" title="24.3. Log File Maintenance" /><link rel="next" href="backup-dump.html" title="25.1. SQL Dump" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Chapter 25. Backup and Restore</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="logfile-maintenance.html" title="24.3. Log File Maintenance">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="admin.html" title="Part III. Server Administration">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. Server Administration</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="backup-dump.html" title="25.1. SQL Dump">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="chapter" id="BACKUP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 25. Backup and Restore</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="backup-dump.html">25.1. <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> Dump</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="backup-dump.html#BACKUP-DUMP-RESTORE">25.1.1. Restoring the Dump</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="backup-dump.html#BACKUP-DUMP-ALL">25.1.2. Using <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="backup-dump.html#BACKUP-DUMP-LARGE">25.1.3. Handling Large Databases</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="backup-file.html">25.2. File System Level Backup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="continuous-archiving.html">25.3. Continuous Archiving and Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-ARCHIVING-WAL">25.3.1. Setting Up WAL Archiving</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-BASE-BACKUP">25.3.2. Making a Base Backup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-LOWLEVEL-BASE-BACKUP">25.3.3. Making a Base Backup Using the Low Level API</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-PITR-RECOVERY">25.3.4. Recovering Using a Continuous Archive Backup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-TIMELINES">25.3.5. Timelines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-TIPS">25.3.6. Tips and Examples</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="continuous-archiving.html#CONTINUOUS-ARCHIVING-CAVEATS">25.3.7. Caveats</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id-1.6.12.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>  As with everything that contains valuable data, <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
   databases should be backed up regularly. While the procedure is
   essentially simple, it is important to have a clear understanding of
   the underlying techniques and assumptions.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/bgworker.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/bgworker.html
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--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/bgworker.html
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 47. Background Worker Processes</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="spi-examples.html" title="46.5. Examples" /><link rel="next" href="logicaldecoding.html" title="Chapter 48. Logical Decoding" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Chapter 47. Background Worker Processes</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="spi-examples.html" title="46.5. Examples">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="server-programming.html" title="Part V. Server Programming">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Part V. Server Programming</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="logicaldecoding.html" title="Chapter 48. Logical Decoding">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="chapter" id="BGWORKER"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 47. Background Worker Processes</h2></div></div></div><a id="id-1.8.13.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>  PostgreSQL can be extended to run user-supplied code in separate processes.
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 47. Background Worker Processes</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="spi-examples.html" title="46.5. Examples" /><link rel="next" href="logicaldecoding.html" title="Chapter 48. Logical Decoding" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Chapter 47. Background Worker Processes</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="spi-examples.html" title="46.5. Examples">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="server-programming.html" title="Part V. Server Programming">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Part V. Server Programming</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="logicaldecoding.html" title="Chapter 48. Logical Decoding">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="chapter" id="BGWORKER"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 47. Background Worker Processes</h2></div></div></div><a id="id-1.8.13.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>  PostgreSQL can be extended to run user-supplied code in separate processes.
   Such processes are started, stopped and monitored by <code class="command">postgres</code>,
   which permits them to have a lifetime closely linked to the server's status.
   These processes have the option to attach to <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>'s
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/biblio.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/biblio.html
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--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/biblio.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/biblio.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Bibliography</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="acronyms.html" title="Appendix K. Acronyms" /><link rel="next" href="bookindex.html" title="Index" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Bibliography</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="acronyms.html" title="Appendix K. Acronyms">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bookindex.html" title="Index">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="bibliography" id="BIBLIO"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Bibliography</h1></div></div></div><p>   Selected references and readings for <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Bibliography</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="acronyms.html" title="Appendix K. Acronyms" /><link rel="next" href="bookindex.html" title="Index" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Bibliography</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="acronyms.html" title="Appendix K. Acronyms">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bookindex.html" title="Index">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="bibliography" id="BIBLIO"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Bibliography</h1></div></div></div><p>   Selected references and readings for <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym>
    and <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>.
   </p><p>   Some white papers and technical reports from the original
    <span class="productname">POSTGRES</span> development team
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/bki-commands.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/bki-commands.html
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--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/bki-commands.html
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>67.2. BKI Commands</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="bki-format.html" title="67.1. BKI File Format" /><link rel="next" href="bki-structure.html" title="67.3. Structure of the Bootstrap BKI File" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">67.2. <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Commands</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bki-format.html" title="67.1. BKI File Format">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="bki.html" title="Chapter 67. BKI Backend Interface">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 67. <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Backend Interface</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bki-structure.html" title="67.3. Structure of the Bootstrap BKI File">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="BKI-COMMANDS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">67.2. <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Commands</h2></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">     <code class="literal">create</code>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>67.2. BKI Commands</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="bki-format.html" title="67.1. BKI File Format" /><link rel="next" href="bki-structure.html" title="67.3. Structure of the Bootstrap BKI File" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">67.2. <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Commands</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bki-format.html" title="67.1. BKI File Format">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="bki.html" title="Chapter 67. BKI Backend Interface">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 67. <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Backend Interface</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bki-structure.html" title="67.3. Structure of the Bootstrap BKI File">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="BKI-COMMANDS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">67.2. <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Commands</h2></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term">     <code class="literal">create</code>
      <em class="replaceable"><code>tablename</code></em>
      <em class="replaceable"><code>tableoid</code></em>
      [<span class="optional"><code class="literal">bootstrap</code></span>]
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/bki-example.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/bki-example.html
index 056be8b..da21369 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/bki-example.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/bki-example.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>67.4. Example</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="bki-structure.html" title="67.3. Structure of the Bootstrap BKI File" /><link rel="next" href="planner-stats-details.html" title="Chapter 68. How the Planner Uses Statistics" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">67.4. Example</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bki-structure.html" title="67.3. Structure of the Bootstrap BKI File">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="bki.html" title="Chapter 67. BKI Backend Interface">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 67. <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Backend Interface</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="planner-stats-details.html" title="Chapter 68. How the Planner Uses Statistics">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="BKI-EXAMPLE"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">67.4. Example</h2></div></div></div><p>   The following sequence of commands will create the
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>67.4. Example</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="bki-structure.html" title="67.3. Structure of the Bootstrap BKI File" /><link rel="next" href="planner-stats-details.html" title="Chapter 68. How the Planner Uses Statistics" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">67.4. Example</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bki-structure.html" title="67.3. Structure of the Bootstrap BKI File">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="bki.html" title="Chapter 67. BKI Backend Interface">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 67. <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Backend Interface</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="planner-stats-details.html" title="Chapter 68. How the Planner Uses Statistics">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="BKI-EXAMPLE"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">67.4. Example</h2></div></div></div><p>   The following sequence of commands will create the
    table <code class="literal">test_table</code> with OID 420, having two columns
    <code class="literal">cola</code> and <code class="literal">colb</code> of type
    <code class="type">int4</code> and <code class="type">text</code>, respectively, and insert
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/bki-format.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/bki-format.html
index 5ffccc1..4ef7e6c 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/bki-format.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/bki-format.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>67.1. BKI File Format</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="bki.html" title="Chapter 67. BKI Backend Interface" /><link rel="next" href="bki-commands.html" title="67.2. BKI Commands" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">67.1. <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">BKI</acronym> File Format</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bki.html" title="Chapter 67. BKI Backend Interface">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="bki.html" title="Chapter 67. BKI Backend Interface">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 67. <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Backend Interface</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bki-commands.html" title="67.2. BKI Commands">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="BKI-FORMAT"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">67.1. <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> File Format</h2></div></div></div><p>   This section describes how the <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>67.1. BKI File Format</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="bki.html" title="Chapter 67. BKI Backend Interface" /><link rel="next" href="bki-commands.html" title="67.2. BKI Commands" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">67.1. <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">BKI</acronym> File Format</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bki.html" title="Chapter 67. BKI Backend Interface">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="bki.html" title="Chapter 67. BKI Backend Interface">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 67. <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Backend Interface</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bki-commands.html" title="67.2. BKI Commands">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="BKI-FORMAT"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">67.1. <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> File Format</h2></div></div></div><p>   This section describes how the <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
    backend interprets <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> files.  This description
    will be easier to understand if the <code class="filename">postgres.bki</code>
    file is at hand as an example.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/bki-structure.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/bki-structure.html
index 7facc1c..85c98fb 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/bki-structure.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/bki-structure.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>67.3. Structure of the Bootstrap BKI File</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="bki-commands.html" title="67.2. BKI Commands" /><link rel="next" href="bki-example.html" title="67.4. Example" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">67.3. Structure of the Bootstrap <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">BKI</acronym> File</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bki-commands.html" title="67.2. BKI Commands">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="bki.html" title="Chapter 67. BKI Backend Interface">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 67. <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Backend Interface</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bki-example.html" title="67.4. Example">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="BKI-STRUCTURE"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">67.3. Structure of the Bootstrap <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> File</h2></div></div></div><p>   The <code class="literal">open</code> command cannot be used until the tables it uses
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>67.3. Structure of the Bootstrap BKI File</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="bki-commands.html" title="67.2. BKI Commands" /><link rel="next" href="bki-example.html" title="67.4. Example" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">67.3. Structure of the Bootstrap <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">BKI</acronym> File</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bki-commands.html" title="67.2. BKI Commands">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="bki.html" title="Chapter 67. BKI Backend Interface">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 67. <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Backend Interface</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bki-example.html" title="67.4. Example">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="BKI-STRUCTURE"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">67.3. Structure of the Bootstrap <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> File</h2></div></div></div><p>   The <code class="literal">open</code> command cannot be used until the tables it uses
    exist and have entries for the table that is to be opened.
    (These minimum tables are <code class="structname">pg_class</code>,
    <code class="structname">pg_attribute</code>, <code class="structname">pg_proc</code>, and
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/bki.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/bki.html
index 9193bfd..7d473dd 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/bki.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/bki.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 67. BKI Backend Interface</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="storage-page-layout.html" title="66.6. Database Page Layout" /><link rel="next" href="bki-format.html" title="67.1. BKI File Format" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Chapter 67. <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Backend Interface</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="storage-page-layout.html" title="66.6. Database Page Layout">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="internals.html" title="Part VII. Internals">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Part VII. Internals</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bki-format.html" title="67.1. BKI File Format">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="chapter" id="BKI"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 67. <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Backend Interface</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bki-format.html">67.1. <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> File Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bki-commands.html">67.2. <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bki-structure.html">67.3. Structure of the Bootstrap <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bki-example.html">67.4. Example</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>  Backend Interface (<acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym>) files are scripts in a
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 67. BKI Backend Interface</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="storage-page-layout.html" title="66.6. Database Page Layout" /><link rel="next" href="bki-format.html" title="67.1. BKI File Format" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Chapter 67. <acronym xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Backend Interface</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="storage-page-layout.html" title="66.6. Database Page Layout">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="internals.html" title="Part VII. Internals">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Part VII. Internals</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="bki-format.html" title="67.1. BKI File Format">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="chapter" id="BKI"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 67. <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Backend Interface</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bki-format.html">67.1. <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> File Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bki-commands.html">67.2. <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bki-structure.html">67.3. Structure of the Bootstrap <acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bki-example.html">67.4. Example</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>  Backend Interface (<acronym class="acronym">BKI</acronym>) files are scripts in a
   special language that is understood by the
   <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> backend when running in the
   <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">bootstrap</span>”</span> mode.  The bootstrap mode allows system catalogs
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/bloom.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/bloom.html
index bf76164..d7508a9 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/bloom.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/bloom.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>F.5. bloom</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="auto-explain.html" title="F.4. auto_explain" /><link rel="next" href="btree-gin.html" title="F.6. btree_gin" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">F.5. bloom</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="auto-explain.html" title="F.4. auto_explain">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="btree-gin.html" title="F.6. btree_gin">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="BLOOM"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">F.5. bloom</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bloom.html#id-1.11.7.14.7">F.5.1. Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bloom.html#id-1.11.7.14.8">F.5.2. Examples</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bloom.html#id-1.11.7.14.9">F.5.3. Operator Class Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bloom.html#id-1.11.7.14.10">F.5.4. Limitations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bloom.html#id-1.11.7.14.11">F.5.5. Authors</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id-1.11.7.14.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>  <code class="literal">bloom</code> provides an index access method based on
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>F.5. bloom</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="auto-explain.html" title="F.4. auto_explain" /><link rel="next" href="btree-gin.html" title="F.6. btree_gin" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">F.5. bloom</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="auto-explain.html" title="F.4. auto_explain">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="btree-gin.html" title="F.6. btree_gin">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="BLOOM"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">F.5. bloom</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bloom.html#id-1.11.7.14.7">F.5.1. Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bloom.html#id-1.11.7.14.8">F.5.2. Examples</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bloom.html#id-1.11.7.14.9">F.5.3. Operator Class Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bloom.html#id-1.11.7.14.10">F.5.4. Limitations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="bloom.html#id-1.11.7.14.11">F.5.5. Authors</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id-1.11.7.14.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>  <code class="literal">bloom</code> provides an index access method based on
   <a class="ulink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter" target="_top">Bloom filters</a>.
  </p><p>  A Bloom filter is a space-efficient data structure that is used to test
   whether an element is a member of a set.  In the case of an index access
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/bookindex.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/bookindex.html
index bdcf6f9..63f33c2 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/html/bookindex.html
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/bookindex.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Index</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="biblio.html" title="Bibliography" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Index</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="biblio.html" title="Bibliography">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> </td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="index" id="BOOKINDEX"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Index</h1></div></div></div><div xmlns="" class="index"><p class="indexdiv-quicklinks"><a href="#indexdiv-Symbols">Symbols</a>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Index</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="[e-mail]" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="biblio.html" title="Bibliography" /></head><body><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Index</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="biblio.html" title="Bibliography">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 10.8 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> </td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="index" id="BOOKINDEX"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Index</h1></div></div></div><div xmlns="" class="index"><p class="indexdiv-quicklinks"><a href="#indexdiv-Symbols">Symbols</a>
       |
       <a href="#indexdiv-A">A</a>
       |
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@
       |
       <a href="#indexdiv-Y">Y</a>
       |
-      <a href="#indexdiv-Z">Z</a></p><div class="indexdiv" id="indexdiv-Symbols"><h3>Symbols</h3><dl><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1809">$, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-expressions.html#SQL-EXPRESSIONS-PARAMETERS-POSITIONAL">Positional Parameters</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm62466">$libdir, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-DYNLOAD">Dynamic Loading</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37071">$libdir/plugins, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-PRELOAD">Shared Library Preloading</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-load.html#SQL-LOAD-DESCRIPTION">Description</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm4586">*, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-select-lists.html#QUERIES-SELECT-LIST-ITEMS">Select-List Items</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm50971">.pgpass, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-pgpass.html">The Password File</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51006">.pg_service.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-pgservice.html">The Connection Service File</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm2165">::, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-expressions.html#SQL-SYNTAX-TYPE-CASTS">Type Casts</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm62504">_PG_fini, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-DYNLOAD">Dynamic Loading</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm62502">_PG_init, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-DYNLOAD">Dynamic Loading</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm74574">_PG_output_plugin_init, <a class="indexterm" href="logicaldecoding-output-plugin.html#LOGICALDECODING-OUTPUT-INIT">Initialization Function</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv" id="indexdiv-A"><h3>A</h3><dl><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm16928">abbrev, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-net.html">Network Address Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm74766">ABORT, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-abort.html">ABORT</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9606">abs, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10069">acos, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10075">acosd, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm148272">administration tools</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">externally maintained, <a class="indexterm" href="external-admin-tools.html">Administration Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139187">adminpack, <a class="indexterm" href="adminpack.html">adminpack</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm29298">advisory lock, <a class="indexterm" href="explicit-locking.html#ADVISORY-LOCKS">Advisory Locks</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15037">age, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm826">aggregate function, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-agg.html">Aggregate Functions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-AGGREGATES">Aggregate Expressions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="xaggr.html">User-defined Aggregates</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">built-in, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">invocation, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-AGGREGATES">Aggregate Expressions</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">moving aggregate, <a class="indexterm" href="xaggr.html#XAGGR-MOVING-AGGREGATES">Moving-Aggregate Mode</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ordered set, <a class="indexterm" href="xaggr.html#XAGGR-ORDERED-SET-AGGREGATES">Ordered-Set Aggregates</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">partial aggregation, <a class="indexterm" href="xaggr.html#XAGGR-PARTIAL-AGGREGATES">Partial Aggregation</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">polymorphic, <a class="indexterm" href="xaggr.html#XAGGR-POLYMORPHIC-AGGREGATES">Polymorphic and Variadic Aggregates</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">support functions for, <a class="indexterm" href="xaggr.html#XAGGR-SUPPORT-FUNCTIONS">Support Functions for Aggregates</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">user-defined, <a class="indexterm" href="xaggr.html">User-defined Aggregates</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">variadic, <a class="indexterm" href="xaggr.html#XAGGR-POLYMORPHIC-AGGREGATES">Polymorphic and Variadic Aggregates</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm31249">AIX, <a class="indexterm" href="installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-AIX">AIX</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">installation on, <a class="indexterm" href="installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-AIX">AIX</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IPC configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="kernel-resources.html#SYSVIPC">Shared Memory and Semaphores</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141866">akeys, <a class="indexterm" href="hstore.html#id-1.11.7.26.5">hstore Operators and Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm810">alias, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-TABLE-ALIASES">Table and Column Aliases</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-select-lists.html#QUERIES-COLUMN-LABELS">Column Labels</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">for table name in query, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-join.html">Joins Between Tables</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in the FROM clause, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-TABLE-ALIASES">Table and Column Aliases</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in the select list, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-select-lists.html#QUERIES-COLUMN-LABELS">Column Labels</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm21357">ALL, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-subquery.html">Subquery Expressions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparisons.html">Row and Array Comparisons</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37660">allow_system_table_mods configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-developer.html">Developer Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm74818">ALTER AGGREGATE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alteraggregate.html">ALTER AGGREGATE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm74940">ALTER COLLATION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-altercollation.html">ALTER COLLATION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm75025">ALTER CONVERSION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterconversion.html">ALTER CONVERSION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm75094">ALTER DATABASE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterdatabase.html">ALTER DATABASE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm75221">ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterdefaultprivileges.html">ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm75313">ALTER DOMAIN, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterdomain.html">ALTER DOMAIN</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm75506">ALTER EVENT TRIGGER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-altereventtrigger.html">ALTER EVENT TRIGGER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm75565">ALTER EXTENSION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterextension.html">ALTER EXTENSION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm75781">ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterforeigndatawrapper.html">ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm75888">ALTER FOREIGN TABLE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterforeigntable.html">ALTER FOREIGN TABLE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm76223">ALTER FUNCTION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterfunction.html">ALTER FUNCTION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm76452">ALTER GROUP, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-altergroup.html">ALTER GROUP</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm76522">ALTER INDEX, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterindex.html">ALTER INDEX</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm76660">ALTER LANGUAGE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterlanguage.html">ALTER LANGUAGE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm76710">ALTER LARGE OBJECT, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterlargeobject.html">ALTER LARGE OBJECT</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm76752">ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-altermaterializedview.html">ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm76865">ALTER OPERATOR, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alteroperator.html">ALTER OPERATOR</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm76958">ALTER OPERATOR CLASS, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alteropclass.html">ALTER OPERATOR CLASS</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm77027">ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alteropfamily.html">ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm77200">ALTER POLICY, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterpolicy.html">ALTER POLICY</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm77283">ALTER PUBLICATION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterpublication.html">ALTER PUBLICATION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm39102">ALTER ROLE, <a class="indexterm" href="role-attributes.html">Role Attributes</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterrole.html">ALTER ROLE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm77582">ALTER RULE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterrule.html">ALTER RULE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm77637">ALTER SCHEMA, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterschema.html">ALTER SCHEMA</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm77691">ALTER SEQUENCE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-altersequence.html">ALTER SEQUENCE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm77906">ALTER SERVER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterserver.html">ALTER SERVER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm77988">ALTER STATISTICS, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterstatistics.html">ALTER STATISTICS</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm78050">ALTER SUBSCRIPTION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-altersubscription.html">ALTER SUBSCRIPTION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm78192">ALTER SYSTEM, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-altersystem.html">ALTER SYSTEM</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm78271">ALTER TABLE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-altertable.html">ALTER TABLE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm79015">ALTER TABLESPACE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-altertablespace.html">ALTER TABLESPACE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm79091">ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-altertsconfig.html">ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm79202">ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-altertsdictionary.html">ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm79285">ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-altertsparser.html">ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm79336">ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-altertstemplate.html">ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm79387">ALTER TRIGGER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-altertrigger.html">ALTER TRIGGER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm79457">ALTER TYPE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-altertype.html">ALTER TYPE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm79655">ALTER USER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alteruser.html">ALTER USER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm79706">ALTER USER MAPPING, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterusermapping.html">ALTER USER MAPPING</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm79777">ALTER VIEW, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-alterview.html">ALTER VIEW</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139306">amcheck, <a class="indexterm" href="amcheck.html">amcheck</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm40937">ANALYZE, <a class="indexterm" href="routine-vacuuming.html#VACUUM-FOR-STATISTICS">Updating Planner Statistics</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-analyze.html">ANALYZE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9038">AND (operator), <a class="indexterm" href="functions-logical.html">Logical Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm88987">anonymous code blocks, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-do.html">DO</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm8857">any, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-pseudo.html">Pseudo-Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20558">ANY, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-subquery.html">Subquery Expressions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparisons.html">Row and Array Comparisons</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm8861">anyarray, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-pseudo.html">Pseudo-Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm8859">anyelement, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-pseudo.html">Pseudo-Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm8865">anyenum, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-pseudo.html">Pseudo-Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm8863">anynonarray, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-pseudo.html">Pseudo-Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm8867">anyrange, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-pseudo.html">Pseudo-Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm56436">applicable role, <a class="indexterm" href="infoschema-applicable-roles.html">applicable_roles</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35813">application_name configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT">What To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm5455">arbitrary precision numbers, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-NUMERIC-DECIMAL">Arbitrary Precision Numbers</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm42898">archive_cleanup_command recovery parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="archive-recovery-settings.html">Archive Recovery Settings</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34605">archive_command configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-ARCHIVING">Archiving</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34581">archive_mode configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-ARCHIVING">Archiving</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34627">archive_timeout configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-ARCHIVING">Archiving</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm16355">area, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-geometry.html">Geometric Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm144219">armor, <a class="indexterm" href="pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.7.16">armor(), dearmor()</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm2233">array, <a class="indexterm" href="arrays.html">Arrays</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">accessing, <a class="indexterm" href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-ACCESSING">Accessing Arrays</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">constant, <a class="indexterm" href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-INPUT">Array Value Input</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">constructor, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-expressions.html#SQL-SYNTAX-ARRAY-CONSTRUCTORS">Array Constructors</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">declaration, <a class="indexterm" href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-DECLARATION">Declaration of Array Types</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I/O, <a class="indexterm" href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-IO">Array Input and Output Syntax</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">modifying, <a class="indexterm" href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-MODIFYING">Modifying Arrays</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">of user-defined type, <a class="indexterm" href="xtypes.html">User-defined Types</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">searching, <a class="indexterm" href="arrays.html#ARRAYS-SEARCHING">Searching in Arrays</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm2236">ARRAY, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-expressions.html#SQL-SYNTAX-ARRAY-CONSTRUCTORS">Array Constructors</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="typeconv-union-case.html">UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">determination of result type, <a class="indexterm" href="typeconv-union-case.html">UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20304">array_agg, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="intagg.html#id-1.11.7.27.4">Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19665">array_append, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-array.html">Array Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19667">array_cat, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-array.html">Array Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19671">array_dims, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-array.html">Array Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19673">array_fill, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-array.html">Array Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19675">array_length, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-array.html">Array Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19677">array_lower, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-array.html">Array Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19669">array_ndims, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-array.html">Array Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37241">array_nulls configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-VERSION">Previous PostgreSQL Versions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19679">array_position, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-array.html">Array Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19681">array_positions, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-array.html">Array Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19683">array_prepend, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-array.html">Array Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19685">array_remove, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-array.html">Array Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19687">array_replace, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-array.html">Array Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18677">array_to_json, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19689">array_to_string, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-array.html">Array Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm17381">array_to_tsvector, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-textsearch.html">Text Search Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19691">array_upper, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-array.html">Array Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10470">ascii, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10083">asin, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10089">asind, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm69222">ASSERT</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/pgSQL, <a class="indexterm" href="plpgsql-errors-and-messages.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-ASSERT">Checking Assertions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm69225">assertions</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/pgSQL, <a class="indexterm" href="plpgsql-errors-and-messages.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-ASSERT">Checking Assertions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm46611">asynchronous commit, <a class="indexterm" href="wal-async-commit.html">Asynchronous Commit</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15894">AT TIME ZONE, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-ZONECONVERT">AT TIME ZONE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10097">atan, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10111">atan2, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10118">atan2d, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10103">atand, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33584">authentication_timeout configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SECURITY">Security and Authentication</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139416">auth_delay, <a class="indexterm" href="auth-delay.html">auth_delay</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139430">auth_delay.milliseconds configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="auth-delay.html#id-1.11.7.12.5">Configuration Parameters</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm5612">auto-increment (see <a href="#ientry-idm5602">serial</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm29812">autocommit</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bulk-loading data, <a class="indexterm" href="populate.html#DISABLE-AUTOCOMMIT">Disable Autocommit</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">psql, <a class="indexterm" href="app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-VARIABLES">Variables</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36328">autovacuum</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">configuration parameters, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-autovacuum.html">Automatic Vacuuming</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">general information, <a class="indexterm" href="routine-vacuuming.html#AUTOVACUUM">The Autovacuum Daemon</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36340">autovacuum configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-autovacuum.html">Automatic Vacuuming</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36421">autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-autovacuum.html">Automatic Vacuuming</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36398">autovacuum_analyze_threshold configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-autovacuum.html">Automatic Vacuuming</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36433">autovacuum_freeze_max_age configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-autovacuum.html">Automatic Vacuuming</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36365">autovacuum_max_workers configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-autovacuum.html">Automatic Vacuuming</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36448">autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-autovacuum.html">Automatic Vacuuming</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36374">autovacuum_naptime configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-autovacuum.html">Automatic Vacuuming</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36464">autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-autovacuum.html">Automatic Vacuuming</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36476">autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-autovacuum.html">Automatic Vacuuming</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36409">autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-autovacuum.html">Automatic Vacuuming</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36387">autovacuum_vacuum_threshold configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-autovacuum.html">Automatic Vacuuming</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33928">autovacuum_work_mem configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY">Memory</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139444">auto_explain, <a class="indexterm" href="auto-explain.html">auto_explain</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139476">auto_explain.log_analyze configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5">Configuration Parameters</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139491">auto_explain.log_buffers configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5">Configuration Parameters</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139540">auto_explain.log_format configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5">Configuration Parameters</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139465">auto_explain.log_min_duration configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5">Configuration Parameters</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139555">auto_explain.log_nested_statements configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5">Configuration Parameters</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139504">auto_explain.log_timing configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5">Configuration Parameters</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139517">auto_explain.log_triggers configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5">Configuration Parameters</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139528">auto_explain.log_verbose configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5">Configuration Parameters</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139565">auto_explain.sample_rate configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="auto-explain.html#id-1.11.7.13.5">Configuration Parameters</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141892">avals, <a class="indexterm" href="hstore.html#id-1.11.7.26.5">hstore Operators and Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20322">average, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20324">avg, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv" id="indexdiv-B"><h3>B</h3><dl><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm26382">B-tree (see <a href="#ientry-idm26339">index</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34193">backend_flush_after configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-ASYNC-BEHAVIOR">Asynchronous Behavior</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm74311">Background workers, <a class="indexterm" href="bgworker.html">Background Worker Processes</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1295">backslash escapes, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-STRINGS-ESCAPE">String Constants with C-style Escapes</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37261">backslash_quote configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-VERSION">Previous PostgreSQL Versions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm24160">backup, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-BACKUP">Backup Control Functions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="backup.html">Backup and Restore</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm61801">base type, <a class="indexterm" href="extend-type-system.html">The PostgreSQL Type System</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm118644">BASE_BACKUP, <a class="indexterm" href="protocol-replication.html">Streaming Replication Protocol</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm80008">BEGIN, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-begin.html">BEGIN</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9283">BETWEEN, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparison.html">Comparison Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9306">BETWEEN SYMMETRIC, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparison.html">Comparison Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm74351">BGWORKER_BACKEND_DATABASE_CONNECTION, <a class="indexterm" href="bgworker.html">Background Worker Processes</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm74343">BGWORKER_SHMEM_ACCESS, <a class="indexterm" href="bgworker.html">Background Worker Processes</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34074">bgwriter_delay configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-BACKGROUND-WRITER">Background Writer</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34111">bgwriter_flush_after configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-BACKGROUND-WRITER">Background Writer</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34088">bgwriter_lru_maxpages configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-BACKGROUND-WRITER">Background Writer</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34098">bgwriter_lru_multiplier configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-BACKGROUND-WRITER">Background Writer</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1476">bigint, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-CONSTANTS-NUMERIC">Numeric Constants</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-INT">Integer Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm5604">bigserial, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-SERIAL">Serial Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm5872">binary data, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-binary.html">Binary Data Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-binarystring.html">Binary String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">functions, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-binarystring.html">Binary String Functions and Operators</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm12363">binary string</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">concatenation, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-binarystring.html">Binary String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">length, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-binarystring.html">Binary String Functions and Operators</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm30353">bison, <a class="indexterm" href="install-requirements.html">Requirements</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1434">bit string, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-BIT-STRINGS">Bit-string Constants</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-bit.html">Bit String Types</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">constant, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-BIT-STRINGS">Bit-string Constants</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">data type, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-bit.html">Bit String Types</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm12639">bit strings, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-bitstring.html">Bit String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">functions, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-bitstring.html">Bit String Functions and Operators</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm26617">bitmap scan, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-bitmap-scans.html">Combining Multiple Indexes</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE">Planner Method Configuration</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20343">bit_and, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10257">bit_length, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20357">bit_or, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51444">BLOB (see <a href="#ientry-idm51442">large object</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37477">block_size configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-preset.html">Preset Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139585">bloom, <a class="indexterm" href="bloom.html">bloom</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33517">bonjour configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS">Connection Settings</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33527">bonjour_name configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS">Connection Settings</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm6950">Boolean, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-boolean.html">Boolean Type</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">data type, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-boolean.html">Boolean Type</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">operators (see operators, logical)</dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20371">bool_and, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20383">bool_or, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm32035">booting</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">starting the server during, <a class="indexterm" href="server-start.html">Starting the Database Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm16531">box, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-geometry.html">Geometric Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7215">box (data type), <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-geometric.html#id-1.5.7.16.8">Boxes</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm26518">BRIN (see <a href="#ientry-idm26339">index</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm25146">brin_desummarize_range, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-INDEX">Index Maintenance Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143569">brin_metapage_info, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.6">BRIN Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143589">brin_page_items, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.6">BRIN Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143558">brin_page_type, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.6">BRIN Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143579">brin_revmap_data, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.6">BRIN Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm25140">brin_summarize_new_values, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-INDEX">Index Maintenance Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm25144">brin_summarize_range, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-INDEX">Index Maintenance Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm16954">broadcast, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-net.html">Network Address Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm38945">BSD Authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-BSD">BSD Authentication</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139668">btree_gin, <a class="indexterm" href="btree-gin.html">btree_gin</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139708">btree_gist, <a class="indexterm" href="btree-gist.html">btree_gist</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10487">btrim, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-binarystring.html">Binary String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139324">bt_index_check, <a class="indexterm" href="amcheck.html#id-1.11.7.11.7">Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139341">bt_index_parent_check, <a class="indexterm" href="amcheck.html#id-1.11.7.11.7">Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143507">bt_metap, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.5">B-tree Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143525">bt_page_items, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.5">B-tree Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143516">bt_page_stats, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.5">B-tree Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm5874">bytea, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-binary.html">Binary Data Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36809">bytea_output configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT">Statement Behavior</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv" id="indexdiv-C"><h3>C</h3><dl><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm47312">C, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq.html">libpq - C Library</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ecpg.html">ECPG - Embedded SQL in C</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm63290">C++, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html#EXTEND-CPP">Using C++ for Extensibility</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm49744">canceling, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-cancel.html">Canceling Queries in Progress</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SQL command, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-cancel.html">Canceling Queries in Progress</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19693">cardinality, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-array.html">Array Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm2633">CASCADE, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-depend.html">Dependency Tracking</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">with DROP, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-depend.html">Dependency Tracking</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">foreign key action, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-FK">Foreign Keys</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm42316">Cascading Replication, <a class="indexterm" href="high-availability.html">High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19404">CASE, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-conditional.html">Conditional Expressions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="typeconv-union-case.html">UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">determination of result type, <a class="indexterm" href="typeconv-union-case.html">UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1214">case sensitivity</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">of SQL commands, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS">Identifiers and Key Words</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm81735">cast, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createcast.html">CREATE CAST</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I/O conversion, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createcast.html">CREATE CAST</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9619">cbrt, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9633">ceil, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9647">ceiling, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm16357">center, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-geometry.html">Geometric Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm38898">Certificate, <a class="indexterm" href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-CERT">Certificate Authentication</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm5732">char, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-character.html">Character Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm5726">character, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-character.html">Character Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36981">character set, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT">Locale and Formatting</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-preset.html">Preset Options</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="multibyte.html">Character Set Support</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1272">character string, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-STRINGS">String Constants</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-character.html">Character Types</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">concatenation, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">constant, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-STRINGS">String Constants</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">data types, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-character.html">Character Types</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">length, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm5728">character varying, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-character.html">Character Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10271">char_length, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm2504">check constraint, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-CHECK-CONSTRAINTS">Check Constraints</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm88369">CHECK OPTION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createview.html">CREATE VIEW</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm46657">checkpoint, <a class="indexterm" href="wal-configuration.html">WAL Configuration</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm80088">CHECKPOINT, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-checkpoint.html">CHECKPOINT</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34513">checkpoint_completion_target configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-CHECKPOINTS">Checkpoints</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34523">checkpoint_flush_after configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-CHECKPOINTS">Checkpoints</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34502">checkpoint_timeout configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-CHECKPOINTS">Checkpoints</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34541">checkpoint_warning configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-CHECKPOINTS">Checkpoints</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36624">check_function_bodies configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT">Statement Behavior</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139778">chkpass, <a class="indexterm" href="chkpass.html">chkpass</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10507">chr, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm8677">cid, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-oid.html">Object Identifier Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7384">cidr, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-net-types.html#DATATYPE-CIDR">cidr</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7302">circle, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-geometric.html#DATATYPE-CIRCLE">Circles</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-geometry.html">Geometric Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139799">citext, <a class="indexterm" href="citext.html">citext</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33581">client authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="client-authentication.html">Client Authentication</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">timeout during, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SECURITY">Security and Authentication</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36978">client_encoding configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT">Locale and Formatting</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36493">client_min_messages configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT">Statement Behavior</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15066">clock_timestamp, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm80118">CLOSE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-close.html">CLOSE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm626">cluster</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">of databases (see <a href="#ientry-idm624">database cluster</a>)</dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm80187">CLUSTER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-cluster.html">CLUSTER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm96976">clusterdb, <a class="indexterm" href="app-clusterdb.html">clusterdb</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm41913">clustering, <a class="indexterm" href="high-availability.html">High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36195">cluster_name configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#id-1.6.6.11.7">Process Title</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm2744">cmax, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-system-columns.html">System Columns</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm2730">cmin, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-system-columns.html">System Columns</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19475">COALESCE, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-conditional.html#FUNCTIONS-COALESCE-NVL-IFNULL">COALESCE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm2196">COLLATE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-expressions.html#SQL-SYNTAX-COLLATE-EXPRS">Collation Expressions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm39687">collation, <a class="indexterm" href="collation.html">Collation Support</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/pgSQL, <a class="indexterm" href="plpgsql-declarations.html#PLPGSQL-DECLARATION-COLLATION">Collation of PL/pgSQL Variables</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in SQL functions, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-sql.html#id-1.8.3.7.19">SQL Functions with Collations</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22782">collation for, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm619">column, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-concepts.html">Concepts</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-basics.html">Table Basics</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">adding, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-alter.html#DDL-ALTER-ADDING-A-COLUMN">Adding a Column</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">removing, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-alter.html#DDL-ALTER-REMOVING-A-COLUMN">Removing a Column</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">renaming, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-alter.html#id-1.5.4.7.11">Renaming a Column</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">system column, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-system-columns.html">System Columns</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm2866">column data type</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">changing, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-alter.html#id-1.5.4.7.10">Changing a Column's Data Type</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1794">column reference, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-expressions.html#SQL-EXPRESSIONS-COLUMN-REFS">Column References</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm23471">col_description, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1592">comment, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-COMMENTS">Comments</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">about database objects, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in SQL, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-COMMENTS">Comments</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm80286">COMMENT, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-comment.html">COMMENT</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm80503">COMMIT, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-commit.html">COMMIT</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm80551">COMMIT PREPARED, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-commit-prepared.html">COMMIT PREPARED</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34471">commit_delay configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS">Settings</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34489">commit_siblings configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS">Settings</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm4865">common table expression (see <a href="#ientry-idm4862">WITH</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9129">comparison, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparison.html">Comparison Functions and Operators</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-subquery.html">Subquery Expressions</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">composite type, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparisons.html">Row and Array Comparisons</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">operators, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparison.html">Comparison Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">row constructor, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparisons.html">Row and Array Comparisons</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">subquery result row, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-subquery.html">Subquery Expressions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51361">compiling, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-build.html">Building libpq Programs</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">libpq applications, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-build.html">Building libpq Programs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm2265">composite type, <a class="indexterm" href="rowtypes.html">Composite Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="extend-type-system.html">The PostgreSQL Type System</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">comparison, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparisons.html">Row and Array Comparisons</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">constant, <a class="indexterm" href="rowtypes.html#id-1.5.7.24.6">Constructing Composite Values</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">constructor, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-expressions.html#SQL-SYNTAX-ROW-CONSTRUCTORS">Row Constructors</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm8414">computed field, <a class="indexterm" href="rowtypes.html#ROWTYPES-USAGE">Using Composite Types in Queries</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10523">concat, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10540">concat_ws, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm28634">concurrency, <a class="indexterm" href="mvcc.html">Concurrency Control</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19406">conditional expression, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-conditional.html">Conditional Expressions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm24055">configuration</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">of recovery</dt><dd><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">of a standby server, <a class="indexterm" href="recovery-config.html">Recovery Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">of the server, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config.html">Server Configuration</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">of the server</dt><dd><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">functions, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-SET">Configuration Settings Functions</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm30399">configure, <a class="indexterm" href="install-procedure.html#CONFIGURE">Installation Procedure</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33345">config_file configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-file-locations.html">File Locations</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9044">conjunction, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-logical.html">Logical Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm146941">connectby, <a class="indexterm" href="tablefunc.html#id-1.11.7.48.4">Functions Provided</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="tablefunc.html#id-1.11.7.48.4.8">connectby</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51002">connection service file, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-pgservice.html">The Connection Service File</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm47730">conninfo, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNSTRING">Connection Strings</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1265">constant, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-CONSTANTS">Constants</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm2498">constraint, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-constraints.html">Constraints</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">adding, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-alter.html#DDL-ALTER-ADDING-A-CONSTRAINT">Adding a Constraint</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">check, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-CHECK-CONSTRAINTS">Check Constraints</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">exclusion, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-EXCLUSION">Exclusion Constraints</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">foreign key, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-FK">Foreign Keys</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">name, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-CHECK-CONSTRAINTS">Check Constraints</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">NOT NULL, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-constraints.html#id-1.5.4.5.6">Not-Null Constraints</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">primary key, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-PRIMARY-KEYS">Primary Keys</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">removing, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-alter.html#DDL-ALTER-REMOVING-A-CONSTRAINT">Removing a Constraint</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">unique, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-UNIQUE-CONSTRAINTS">Unique Constraints</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm3635">constraint exclusion, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-partitioning.html#DDL-PARTITIONING-CONSTRAINT-EXCLUSION">Partitioning and Constraint Exclusion</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-OTHER">Other Planner Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35289">constraint_exclusion configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-OTHER">Other Planner Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm68499">CONTINUE</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/pgSQL, <a class="indexterm" href="plpgsql-control-structures.html#id-1.8.8.8.5.6">CONTINUE</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm41479">continuous archiving, <a class="indexterm" href="backup.html">Backup and Restore</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in standby, <a class="indexterm" href="warm-standby.html#CONTINUOUS-ARCHIVING-IN-STANDBY">Continuous archiving in standby</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm64454">control file, <a class="indexterm" href="extend-extensions.html#id-1.8.3.18.12">Extension Files</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10559">convert, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10583">convert_from, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10602">convert_to, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm693">COPY, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-populate.html">Populating a Table With Rows</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-copy.html">Functions Associated with the COPY Command</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-copy.html">COPY</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">with libpq, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-copy.html">Functions Associated with the COPY Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20611">corr, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20609">correlation, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in the query planner, <a class="indexterm" href="planner-stats.html#PLANNER-STATS-EXTENDED">Extended Statistics</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10130">cos, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10136">cosd, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10144">cot, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10150">cotd, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20395">count, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20624">covariance</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">population, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sample, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20627">covar_pop, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20643">covar_samp, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35121">cpu_index_tuple_cost configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-CONSTANTS">Planner Cost Constants</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35130">cpu_operator_cost configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-CONSTANTS">Planner Cost Constants</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35112">cpu_tuple_cost configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-CONSTANTS">Planner Cost Constants</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm81153">CREATE ACCESS METHOD, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-create-access-method.html">CREATE ACCESS METHOD</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm81218">CREATE AGGREGATE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createaggregate.html">CREATE AGGREGATE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm81585">CREATE CAST, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createcast.html">CREATE CAST</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm81781">CREATE COLLATION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createcollation.html">CREATE COLLATION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm81893">CREATE CONVERSION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createconversion.html">CREATE CONVERSION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm39300">CREATE DATABASE, <a class="indexterm" href="manage-ag-createdb.html">Creating a Database</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createdatabase.html">CREATE DATABASE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm82145">CREATE DOMAIN, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createdomain.html">CREATE DOMAIN</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm82257">CREATE EVENT TRIGGER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createeventtrigger.html">CREATE EVENT TRIGGER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm82337">CREATE EXTENSION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createextension.html">CREATE EXTENSION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm82455">CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createforeigndatawrapper.html">CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm82552">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createforeigntable.html">CREATE FOREIGN TABLE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm82742">CREATE FUNCTION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createfunction.html">CREATE FUNCTION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm83140">CREATE GROUP, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-creategroup.html">CREATE GROUP</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm83178">CREATE INDEX, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createindex.html">CREATE INDEX</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm83495">CREATE LANGUAGE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createlanguage.html">CREATE LANGUAGE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm83656">CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-creatematerializedview.html">CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm83753">CREATE OPERATOR, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createoperator.html">CREATE OPERATOR</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm83907">CREATE OPERATOR CLASS, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createopclass.html">CREATE OPERATOR CLASS</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm84070">CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createopfamily.html">CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm84129">CREATE POLICY, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createpolicy.html">CREATE POLICY</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm84516">CREATE PUBLICATION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createpublication.html">CREATE PUBLICATION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm38992">CREATE ROLE, <a class="indexterm" href="database-roles.html">Database Roles</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createrole.html">CREATE ROLE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm84900">CREATE RULE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createrule.html">CREATE RULE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm85076">CREATE SCHEMA, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createschema.html">CREATE SCHEMA</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm85187">CREATE SEQUENCE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createsequence.html">CREATE SEQUENCE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm85391">CREATE SERVER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createserver.html">CREATE SERVER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm85482">CREATE STATISTICS, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createstatistics.html">CREATE STATISTICS</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm85558">CREATE SUBSCRIPTION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createsubscription.html">CREATE SUBSCRIPTION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm634">CREATE TABLE, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-table.html">Creating a New Table</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createtable.html">CREATE TABLE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm86683">CREATE TABLE AS, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createtableas.html">CREATE TABLE AS</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm39470">CREATE TABLESPACE, <a class="indexterm" href="manage-ag-tablespaces.html">Tablespaces</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createtablespace.html">CREATE TABLESPACE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm86981">CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createtsconfig.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm87040">CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createtsdictionary.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm87103">CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createtsparser.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm87176">CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createtstemplate.html">CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm87232">CREATE TRANSFORM, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createtransform.html">CREATE TRANSFORM</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm87331">CREATE TRIGGER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createtrigger.html">CREATE TRIGGER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm87717">CREATE TYPE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createtype.html">CREATE TYPE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm88156">CREATE USER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createuser.html">CREATE USER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm88200">CREATE USER MAPPING, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createusermapping.html">CREATE USER MAPPING</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm88271">CREATE VIEW, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createview.html">CREATE VIEW</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm433">createdb, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-createdb.html">Creating a Database</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="manage-ag-createdb.html">Creating a Database</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="app-createdb.html">createdb</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm39005">createuser, <a class="indexterm" href="database-roles.html">Database Roles</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="app-createuser.html">createuser</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm118366">CREATE_REPLICATION_SLOT, <a class="indexterm" href="protocol-replication.html">Streaming Replication Protocol</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm30870">cross compilation, <a class="indexterm" href="install-procedure.html">Installation Procedure</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm3982">cross join, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN">Joined Tables</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm146963">crosstab, <a class="indexterm" href="tablefunc.html#id-1.11.7.48.4.5">crosstab(text)</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="tablefunc.html#id-1.11.7.48.4.6">crosstabN(text)</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="tablefunc.html#id-1.11.7.48.4.7">crosstab(text, text)</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143944">crypt, <a class="indexterm" href="pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.6.7">crypt()</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm8885">cstring, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-pseudo.html">Pseudo-Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm2751">ctid, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-system-columns.html">System Columns</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm66852">CTID, <a class="indexterm" href="rules-views.html#id-1.8.6.7.6">View Rules in Non-SELECT Statements</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm4487">CUBE, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-GROUPING-SETS">GROUPING SETS, CUBE, and ROLLUP</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm139935">cube (extension), <a class="indexterm" href="cube.html">cube</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm21095">cume_dist, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-window.html">Window Functions</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">hypothetical, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22044">current_catalog, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22046">current_database, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15078">current_date, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22125">current_logfiles</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">and the log_destination configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE">Where To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">and the pg_current_logfile function, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22048">current_query, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22050">current_role, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22052">current_schema, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22054">current_schemas, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm24030">current_setting, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-SET">Configuration Settings Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15090">current_time, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15102">current_timestamp, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22056">current_user, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19221">currval, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-sequence.html">Sequence Manipulation Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm68831">cursor, <a class="indexterm" href="plpgsql-cursors.html">Cursors</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-close.html">CLOSE</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-declare.html">DECLARE</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-explain.html">EXPLAIN</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-fetch.html">FETCH</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-move.html">MOVE</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CLOSE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-close.html">CLOSE</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DECLARE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-declare.html">DECLARE</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FETCH, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-fetch.html">FETCH</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/pgSQL, <a class="indexterm" href="plpgsql-cursors.html">Cursors</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MOVE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-move.html">MOVE</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">showing the query plan, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-explain.html">EXPLAIN</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35312">cursor_tuple_fraction configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-OTHER">Other Planner Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm121977">custom scan provider, <a class="indexterm" href="custom-scan.html">Writing A Custom Scan Provider</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">handler for, <a class="indexterm" href="custom-scan.html">Writing A Custom Scan Provider</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm31390">Cygwin, <a class="indexterm" href="installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-CYGWIN">Cygwin</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">installation on, <a class="indexterm" href="installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-CYGWIN">Cygwin</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv" id="indexdiv-D"><h3>D</h3><dl><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm31880">data area (see <a href="#ientry-idm624">database cluster</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm41915">data partitioning, <a class="indexterm" href="high-availability.html">High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1494">data type, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype.html">Data Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-numeric.html">Numeric Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-enum.html">Enumerated Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="typeconv.html">Type Conversion</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="extend-type-system.html">The PostgreSQL Type System</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="extend-type-system.html">The PostgreSQL Type System</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-BASETYPE">Base Types in C-Language Functions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="xtypes.html">User-defined Types</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">base, <a class="indexterm" href="extend-type-system.html">The PostgreSQL Type System</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">category, <a class="indexterm" href="typeconv-overview.html">Overview</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">composite, <a class="indexterm" href="extend-type-system.html">The PostgreSQL Type System</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">constant, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-CONSTANTS-GENERIC">Constants of Other Types</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">conversion, <a class="indexterm" href="typeconv.html">Type Conversion</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">enumerated (enum), <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-enum.html">Enumerated Types</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">internal organization, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-BASETYPE">Base Types in C-Language Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">numeric, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-numeric.html">Numeric Types</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">type cast, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-expressions.html#SQL-SYNTAX-TYPE-CASTS">Type Casts</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">user-defined, <a class="indexterm" href="xtypes.html">User-defined Types</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm430">database, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-createdb.html">Creating a Database</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="managing-databases.html">Managing Databases</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">creating, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-createdb.html">Creating a Database</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">privilege to create, <a class="indexterm" href="role-attributes.html">Role Attributes</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm43129">database activity, <a class="indexterm" href="monitoring.html">Monitoring Database Activity</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="monitoring.html">Monitoring Database Activity</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm624">database cluster, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-concepts.html">Concepts</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="creating-cluster.html">Creating a Database Cluster</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37490">data_checksums configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-preset.html">Preset Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33336">data_directory configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-file-locations.html">File Locations</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37456">data_sync_retry configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-error-handling.html">Error Handling</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm6046">date, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-datetime.html">Date/Time Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-datetime.html#id-1.5.7.13.19.5">Dates</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">constants, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-datetime.html#id-1.5.7.13.19.8">Special Values</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">current, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-CURRENT">Current Date/Time</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">output format, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-DATETIME-OUTPUT">Date/Time Output</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also <a href="#ientry-idm13970">formatting</a>)</dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36878">DateStyle configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT">Locale and Formatting</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15114">date_part, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-EXTRACT">EXTRACT, date_part</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15146">date_trunc, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-TRUNC">date_trunc</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm140325">dblink, <a class="indexterm" href="dblink.html">dblink</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-function.html">dblink</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141062">dblink_build_sql_delete, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-build-sql-delete.html">dblink_build_sql_delete</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141001">dblink_build_sql_insert, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-build-sql-insert.html">dblink_build_sql_insert</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141118">dblink_build_sql_update, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-build-sql-update.html">dblink_build_sql_update</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm140935">dblink_cancel_query, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-cancel-query.html">dblink_cancel_query</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm140682">dblink_close, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-close.html">dblink_close</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm140333">dblink_connect, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-connect.html">dblink_connect</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm140390">dblink_connect_u, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-connect-u.html">dblink_connect_u</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm140417">dblink_disconnect, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-disconnect.html">dblink_disconnect</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm140753">dblink_error_message, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-error-message.html">dblink_error_message</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm140516">dblink_exec, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-exec.html">dblink_exec</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm140630">dblink_fetch, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-fetch.html">dblink_fetch</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm140731">dblink_get_connections, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-get-connections.html">dblink_get_connections</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm140851">dblink_get_notify, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-get-notify.html">dblink_get_notify</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm140966">dblink_get_pkey, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-get-pkey.html">dblink_get_pkey</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm140885">dblink_get_result, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-get-result.html">dblink_get_result</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm140821">dblink_is_busy, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-is-busy.html">dblink_is_busy</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm140567">dblink_open, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-open.html">dblink_open</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm140782">dblink_send_query, <a class="indexterm" href="contrib-dblink-send-query.html">dblink_send_query</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33781">db_user_namespace configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SECURITY">Security and Authentication</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm29282">deadlock, <a class="indexterm" href="explicit-locking.html#LOCKING-DEADLOCKS">Deadlocks</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">timeout during, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-locks.html">Lock Management</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37174">deadlock_timeout configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-locks.html">Lock Management</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm88532">DEALLOCATE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-deallocate.html">DEALLOCATE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm144221">dearmor, <a class="indexterm" href="pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.7.16">armor(), dearmor()</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37500">debug_assertions configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-preset.html">Preset Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37807">debug_deadlocks configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-developer.html">Developer Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35852">debug_pretty_print configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT">What To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35828">debug_print_parse configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT">What To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35840">debug_print_plan configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT">What To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35834">debug_print_rewritten configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT">What To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm5457">decimal (see <a href="#ientry-idm1478">numeric</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm88583">DECLARE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-declare.html">DECLARE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10620">decode, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-binarystring.html">Binary String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm70752">decode_bytea</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/Perl, <a class="indexterm" href="plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS">Utility Functions in PL/Perl</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm144345">decrypt, <a class="indexterm" href="pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.8">Raw Encryption Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm144349">decrypt_iv, <a class="indexterm" href="pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.8">Raw Encryption Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm2470">default value, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-default.html">Default Values</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">changing, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-alter.html#id-1.5.4.7.9">Changing a Column's Default Value</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35274">default_statistics_target configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-OTHER">Other Planner Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36579">default_tablespace configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT">Statement Behavior</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37036">default_text_search_config configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT">Locale and Formatting</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36675">default_transaction_deferrable configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT">Statement Behavior</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36640">default_transaction_isolation configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT">Statement Behavior</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36660">default_transaction_read_only configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT">Statement Behavior</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37287">default_with_oids configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-VERSION">Previous PostgreSQL Versions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36672">deferrable transaction</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">setting, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-set-transaction.html">SET TRANSACTION</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">setting default, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT">Statement Behavior</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm142039">defined, <a class="indexterm" href="hstore.html#id-1.11.7.26.5">hstore Operators and Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9662">degrees, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm16041">delay, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-DELAY">Delaying Execution</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm898">DELETE, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-delete.html">Deletions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="dml-delete.html">Deleting Data</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="dml-returning.html">Returning Data From Modified Rows</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-delete.html">DELETE</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RETURNING, <a class="indexterm" href="dml-returning.html">Returning Data From Modified Rows</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm142053">delete, <a class="indexterm" href="hstore.html#id-1.11.7.26.5">hstore Operators and Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm3826">deleting, <a class="indexterm" href="dml-delete.html">Deleting Data</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm21059">dense_rank, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-window.html">Window Functions</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">hypothetical, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm16359">diameter, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-geometry.html">Geometric Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141182">dict_int, <a class="indexterm" href="dict-int.html">dict_int</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141214">dict_xsyn, <a class="indexterm" href="dict-xsyn.html">dict_xsyn</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141542">difference, <a class="indexterm" href="fuzzystrmatch.html#id-1.11.7.25.5">Soundex</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143843">digest, <a class="indexterm" href="pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.5.2">digest()</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm28673">dirty read, <a class="indexterm" href="transaction-iso.html">Transaction Isolation</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm88930">DISCARD, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-discard.html">DISCARD</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9046">disjunction, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-logical.html">Logical Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm46790">disk drive, <a class="indexterm" href="wal-internals.html">WAL Internals</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm40892">disk space, <a class="indexterm" href="routine-vacuuming.html#VACUUM-FOR-SPACE-RECOVERY">Recovering Disk Space</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm46451">disk usage, <a class="indexterm" href="disk-usage.html">Determining Disk Usage</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm741">DISTINCT, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-select.html">Querying a Table</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-select-lists.html#QUERIES-DISTINCT">DISTINCT</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9676">div, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141589">dmetaphone, <a class="indexterm" href="fuzzystrmatch.html#id-1.11.7.25.8">Double Metaphone</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141591">dmetaphone_alt, <a class="indexterm" href="fuzzystrmatch.html#id-1.11.7.25.8">Double Metaphone</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm88985">DO, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-do.html">DO</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm26999">document, <a class="indexterm" href="textsearch-intro.html#TEXTSEARCH-DOCUMENT">What Is a Document?</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">text search, <a class="indexterm" href="textsearch-intro.html#TEXTSEARCH-DOCUMENT">What Is a Document?</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1412">dollar quoting, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-DOLLAR-QUOTING">Dollar-quoted String Constants</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm5527">double precision, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-FLOAT">Floating-Point Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm89046">DROP ACCESS METHOD, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-drop-access-method.html">DROP ACCESS METHOD</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm89102">DROP AGGREGATE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropaggregate.html">DROP AGGREGATE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm89202">DROP CAST, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropcast.html">DROP CAST</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm89261">DROP COLLATION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropcollation.html">DROP COLLATION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm89321">DROP CONVERSION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropconversion.html">DROP CONVERSION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm39441">DROP DATABASE, <a class="indexterm" href="manage-ag-dropdb.html">Destroying a Database</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropdatabase.html">DROP DATABASE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm89425">DROP DOMAIN, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropdomain.html">DROP DOMAIN</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm89483">DROP EVENT TRIGGER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropeventtrigger.html">DROP EVENT TRIGGER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm89540">DROP EXTENSION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropextension.html">DROP EXTENSION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm89604">DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropforeigndatawrapper.html">DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm89663">DROP FOREIGN TABLE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropforeigntable.html">DROP FOREIGN TABLE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm89722">DROP FUNCTION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropfunction.html">DROP FUNCTION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm89820">DROP GROUP, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropgroup.html">DROP GROUP</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm89847">DROP INDEX, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropindex.html">DROP INDEX</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm89915">DROP LANGUAGE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-droplanguage.html">DROP LANGUAGE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm89979">DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropmaterializedview.html">DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm90039">DROP OPERATOR, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropoperator.html">DROP OPERATOR</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm90121">DROP OPERATOR CLASS, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropopclass.html">DROP OPERATOR CLASS</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm90197">DROP OPERATOR FAMILY, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropopfamily.html">DROP OPERATOR FAMILY</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm90270">DROP OWNED, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-drop-owned.html">DROP OWNED</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm90331">DROP POLICY, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-droppolicy.html">DROP POLICY</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm90394">DROP PUBLICATION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-droppublication.html">DROP PUBLICATION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm38994">DROP ROLE, <a class="indexterm" href="database-roles.html">Database Roles</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-droprole.html">DROP ROLE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm90508">DROP RULE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-droprule.html">DROP RULE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm90572">DROP SCHEMA, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropschema.html">DROP SCHEMA</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm90636">DROP SEQUENCE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropsequence.html">DROP SEQUENCE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm90696">DROP SERVER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropserver.html">DROP SERVER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm90755">DROP STATISTICS, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropstatistics.html">DROP STATISTICS</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm90800">DROP SUBSCRIPTION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropsubscription.html">DROP SUBSCRIPTION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm672">DROP TABLE, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-table.html">Creating a New Table</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-droptable.html">DROP TABLE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm90927">DROP TABLESPACE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-droptablespace.html">DROP TABLESPACE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm90981">DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-droptsconfig.html">DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm91040">DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-droptsdictionary.html">DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm91098">DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-droptsparser.html">DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm91156">DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-droptstemplate.html">DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm91214">DROP TRANSFORM, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-droptransform.html">DROP TRANSFORM</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm91279">DROP TRIGGER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-droptrigger.html">DROP TRIGGER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm91344">DROP TYPE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-droptype.html">DROP TYPE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm91404">DROP USER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropuser.html">DROP USER</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm91432">DROP USER MAPPING, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropusermapping.html">DROP USER MAPPING</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm91492">DROP VIEW, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-dropview.html">DROP VIEW</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm39451">dropdb, <a class="indexterm" href="manage-ag-dropdb.html">Destroying a Database</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="app-dropdb.html">dropdb</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm39007">dropuser, <a class="indexterm" href="database-roles.html">Database Roles</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="app-dropuser.html">dropuser</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm118617">DROP_REPLICATION_SLOT, <a class="indexterm" href="protocol-replication.html">Streaming Replication Protocol</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7734">DTD, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-xml.html#id-1.5.7.21.5">Creating XML Values</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm30917">DTrace, <a class="indexterm" href="install-procedure.html">Installation Procedure</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="dynamic-trace.html">Dynamic Tracing</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm743">duplicate, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-select.html">Querying a Table</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm4634">duplicates, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-select-lists.html#QUERIES-DISTINCT">DISTINCT</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37132">dynamic loading, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-OTHER">Other Defaults</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-DYNLOAD">Dynamic Loading</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm62471">dynamic_library_path, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-DYNLOAD">Dynamic Loading</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37129">dynamic_library_path configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-OTHER">Other Defaults</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33953">dynamic_shared_memory_type configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY">Memory</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv" id="indexdiv-E"><h3>E</h3><dl><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm142013">each, <a class="indexterm" href="hstore.html#id-1.11.7.26.5">hstore Operators and Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141307">earth, <a class="indexterm" href="earthdistance.html#id-1.11.7.23.5">Cube-based Earth Distances</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141271">earthdistance, <a class="indexterm" href="earthdistance.html">earthdistance</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141363">earth_box, <a class="indexterm" href="earthdistance.html#id-1.11.7.23.5">Cube-based Earth Distances</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141355">earth_distance, <a class="indexterm" href="earthdistance.html#id-1.11.7.23.5">Cube-based Earth Distances</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51834">ECPG, <a class="indexterm" href="ecpg.html">ECPG - Embedded SQL in C</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm98126">ecpg, <a class="indexterm" href="app-ecpg.html">ecpg</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35177">effective_cache_size configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-CONSTANTS">Planner Cost Constants</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34135">effective_io_concurrency configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-ASYNC-BEHAVIOR">Asynchronous Behavior</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm70202">elog, <a class="indexterm" href="error-message-reporting.html">Reporting Errors Within the Server</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/Perl, <a class="indexterm" href="plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS">Utility Functions in PL/Perl</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/Python, <a class="indexterm" href="plpython-util.html">Utility Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/Tcl, <a class="indexterm" href="pltcl-dbaccess.html">Database Access from PL/Tcl</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51829">embedded SQL, <a class="indexterm" href="ecpg.html">ECPG - Embedded SQL in C</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in C, <a class="indexterm" href="ecpg.html">ECPG - Embedded SQL in C</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm58248">enabled role, <a class="indexterm" href="infoschema-enabled-roles.html">enabled_roles</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34949">enable_bitmapscan configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE">Planner Method Configuration</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34959">enable_gathermerge configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE">Planner Method Configuration</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34969">enable_hashagg configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE">Planner Method Configuration</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34979">enable_hashjoin configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE">Planner Method Configuration</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35001">enable_indexonlyscan configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE">Planner Method Configuration</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34991">enable_indexscan configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE">Planner Method Configuration</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35012">enable_material configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE">Planner Method Configuration</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35022">enable_mergejoin configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE">Planner Method Configuration</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35032">enable_nestloop configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE">Planner Method Configuration</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35044">enable_seqscan configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE">Planner Method Configuration</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35054">enable_sort configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE">Planner Method Configuration</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35064">enable_tidscan configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE">Planner Method Configuration</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10640">encode, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-binarystring.html">Binary String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm70802">encode_array_constructor</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/Perl, <a class="indexterm" href="plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS">Utility Functions in PL/Perl</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm70774">encode_array_literal</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/Perl, <a class="indexterm" href="plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS">Utility Functions in PL/Perl</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm70763">encode_bytea</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/Perl, <a class="indexterm" href="plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS">Utility Functions in PL/Perl</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm70792">encode_typed_literal</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/Perl, <a class="indexterm" href="plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS">Utility Functions in PL/Perl</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm144343">encrypt, <a class="indexterm" href="pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.8">Raw Encryption Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm32864">encryption, <a class="indexterm" href="encryption-options.html">Encryption Options</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="pgcrypto.html">pgcrypto</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">for specific columns, <a class="indexterm" href="pgcrypto.html">pgcrypto</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm144347">encrypt_iv, <a class="indexterm" href="pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.8">Raw Encryption Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm91550">END, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-end.html">END</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7031">enumerated types, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-enum.html">Enumerated Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm16080">enum_first, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-enum.html">Enum Support Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm16090">enum_last, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-enum.html">Enum Support Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm16100">enum_range, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-enum.html">Enum Support Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm50742">environment variable, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-envars.html">Environment Variables</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm73363">ephemeral named relation</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">registering with SPI, <a class="indexterm" href="spi-spi-register-relation.html">SPI_register_relation</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="spi-spi-register-trigger-data.html">SPI_register_trigger_data</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">unregistering from SPI, <a class="indexterm" href="spi-spi-unregister-relation.html">SPI_unregister_relation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm120463">ereport, <a class="indexterm" href="error-message-reporting.html">Reporting Errors Within the Server</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm48871">error codes, <a class="indexterm" href="errcodes-appendix.html">PostgreSQL Error Codes</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">libpq, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-MAIN">Main Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">list of, <a class="indexterm" href="errcodes-appendix.html">PostgreSQL Error Codes</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm48341">error message, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-status.html">Connection Status Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1293">escape string syntax, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-STRINGS-ESCAPE">String Constants with C-style Escapes</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37309">escape_string_warning configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-VERSION">Previous PostgreSQL Versions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm49263">escaping strings, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-ESCAPE-STRING">Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in libpq, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-exec.html#LIBPQ-EXEC-ESCAPE-STRING">Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33099">event log, <a class="indexterm" href="event-log-registration.html">Registering Event Log on Windows</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">event log, <a class="indexterm" href="event-log-registration.html">Registering Event Log on Windows</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm65354">event trigger, <a class="indexterm" href="event-triggers.html">Event Triggers</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="event-trigger-interface.html">Writing Event Trigger Functions in C</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in C, <a class="indexterm" href="event-trigger-interface.html">Writing Event Trigger Functions in C</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/Tcl, <a class="indexterm" href="pltcl-event-trigger.html">Event Trigger Procedures in PL/Tcl</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35645">event_source configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE">Where To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm8873">event_trigger, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-pseudo.html">Pseudo-Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20415">every, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm4668">EXCEPT, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-union.html">Combining Queries</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm68649">exceptions</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/pgSQL, <a class="indexterm" href="plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-ERROR-TRAPPING">Trapping Errors</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/Tcl, <a class="indexterm" href="pltcl-error-handling.html">Error Handling in PL/Tcl</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm2677">exclusion constraint, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-EXCLUSION">Exclusion Constraints</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm91603">EXECUTE, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-execute.html">EXECUTE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm142026">exist, <a class="indexterm" href="hstore.html#id-1.11.7.26.5">hstore Operators and Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm21349">EXISTS, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-subquery.html">Subquery Expressions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm68467">EXIT</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/pgSQL, <a class="indexterm" href="plpgsql-control-structures.html#id-1.8.8.8.5.5">EXIT</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37436">exit_on_error configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-error-handling.html">Error Handling</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9695">exp, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm29413">EXPLAIN, <a class="indexterm" href="using-explain.html">Using EXPLAIN</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-explain.html">EXPLAIN</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1738">expression, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-expressions.html">Value Expressions</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">order of evaluation, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-EXPRESS-EVAL">Expression Evaluation Rules</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">syntax, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-expressions.html">Value Expressions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm61758">extending SQL, <a class="indexterm" href="extend.html">Extending SQL</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm64396">extension, <a class="indexterm" href="extend-extensions.html">Packaging Related Objects into an Extension</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">externally maintained, <a class="indexterm" href="external-extensions.html">Extensions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33377">external_pid_file configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-file-locations.html">File Locations</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15176">extract, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-EXTRACT">EXTRACT, date_part</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36964">extra_float_digits configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT">Locale and Formatting</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv" id="indexdiv-F"><h3>F</h3><dl><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm41907">failover, <a class="indexterm" href="high-availability.html">High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm6955">false, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-boolean.html">Boolean Type</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm16968">family, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-net.html">Network Address Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm49818">fast path, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-fastpath.html">The Fast-Path Interface</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm8879">fdw_handler, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-pseudo.html">Pseudo-Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm91847">FETCH, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-fetch.html">FETCH</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm8416">field</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">computed, <a class="indexterm" href="rowtypes.html#ROWTYPES-USAGE">Using Composite Types in Queries</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1839">field selection, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-expressions.html#FIELD-SELECTION">Field Selection</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm31968">file system mount points, <a class="indexterm" href="creating-cluster.html#CREATING-CLUSTER-MOUNT-POINTS">Use of Secondary File Systems</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141400">file_fdw, <a class="indexterm" href="file-fdw.html">file_fdw</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1920">FILTER, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-AGGREGATES">Aggregate Expressions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm21268">first_value, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-window.html">Window Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm30349">flex, <a class="indexterm" href="install-requirements.html">Requirements</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm5529">float4 (see <a href="#ientry-idm5525">real</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm5532">float8 (see <a href="#ientry-idm5527">double precision</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm5535">floating point, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-FLOAT">Floating-Point Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36961">floating-point</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">display, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT">Locale and Formatting</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9709">floor, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35355">force_parallel_mode configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-OTHER">Other Planner Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm3668">foreign data, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-foreign-data.html">Foreign Data</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm121060">foreign data wrapper, <a class="indexterm" href="fdwhandler.html">Writing A Foreign Data Wrapper</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">handler for, <a class="indexterm" href="fdwhandler.html">Writing A Foreign Data Wrapper</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm935">foreign key, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-fk.html">Foreign Keys</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-FK">Foreign Keys</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm3670">foreign table, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-foreign-data.html">Foreign Data</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10663">format, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-FORMAT">format</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">use in PL/pgSQL, <a class="indexterm" href="plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-STATEMENTS-EXECUTING-DYN">Executing Dynamic Commands</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm13970">formatting, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-formatting.html">Data Type Formatting Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22738">format_type, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm124997">Free Space Map, <a class="indexterm" href="storage-fsm.html">Free Space Map</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm32056">FreeBSD</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IPC configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="kernel-resources.html#SYSVIPC">Shared Memory and Semaphores</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">shared library, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html#DFUNC">Compiling and Linking Dynamically-loaded Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">start script, <a class="indexterm" href="server-start.html">Starting the Database Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35322">from_collapse_limit configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-OTHER">Other Planner Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm124999">FSM (see <a href="#ientry-idm124997">Free Space Map</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143494">fsm_page_contents, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.4">General Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34275">fsync configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS">Settings</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7596">full text search, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-textsearch.html">Text Search Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-textsearch.html">Text Search Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="textsearch.html">Full Text Search</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">data types, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-textsearch.html">Text Search Types</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">functions and operators, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-textsearch.html">Text Search Types</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34381">full_page_writes configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-wal.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-WAL-SETTINGS">Settings</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1886">function, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-TABLEFUNCTIONS">Table Functions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions.html">Functions and Operators</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="typeconv-func.html">Functions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="extend-type-system.html#EXTEND-TYPES-POLYMORPHIC">Polymorphic Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc.html">User-defined Functions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-sql.html">Query Language (SQL) Functions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-internal.html">Internal Functions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html">C-Language Functions</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">default values for arguments, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-sql.html#XFUNC-SQL-PARAMETER-DEFAULTS">SQL Functions with Default Values for Arguments</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in the FROM clause, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-TABLEFUNCTIONS">Table Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">internal, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-internal.html">Internal Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">invocation, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-expressions.html#SQL-EXPRESSIONS-FUNCTION-CALLS">Function Calls</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mixed notation, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-calling-funcs.html#SQL-SYNTAX-CALLING-FUNCS-MIXED">Using Mixed Notation</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">named argument, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-sql.html#XFUNC-SQL-FUNCTION-ARGUMENTS">Arguments for SQL Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">named notation, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-calling-funcs.html#SQL-SYNTAX-CALLING-FUNCS-NAMED">Using Named Notation</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">output parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-sql.html#XFUNC-OUTPUT-PARAMETERS">SQL Functions with Output Parameters</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">polymorphic, <a class="indexterm" href="extend-type-system.html#EXTEND-TYPES-POLYMORPHIC">Polymorphic Types</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">positional notation, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-calling-funcs.html#SQL-SYNTAX-CALLING-FUNCS-POSITIONAL">Using Positional Notation</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RETURNS TABLE, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-sql.html#XFUNC-SQL-FUNCTIONS-RETURNING-TABLE">SQL Functions Returning TABLE</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">type resolution in an invocation, <a class="indexterm" href="typeconv-func.html">Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">user-defined, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc.html">User-defined Functions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-sql.html">Query Language (SQL) Functions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html">C-Language Functions</a></dt><dd><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in C, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html">C-Language Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in SQL, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-sql.html">Query Language (SQL) Functions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">variadic, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-sql.html#XFUNC-SQL-VARIADIC-FUNCTIONS">SQL Functions with Variable Numbers of Arguments</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">with SETOF, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-sql.html#XFUNC-SQL-FUNCTIONS-RETURNING-SET">SQL Functions Returning Sets</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm4444">functional dependency, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-GROUP">The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141525">fuzzystrmatch, <a class="indexterm" href="fuzzystrmatch.html">fuzzystrmatch</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv" id="indexdiv-G"><h3>G</h3><dl><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141323">gc_to_sec, <a class="indexterm" href="earthdistance.html#id-1.11.7.23.5">Cube-based Earth Distances</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm21710">generate_series, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-srf.html">Set Returning Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm21819">generate_subscripts, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-srf.html">Set Returning Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35195">genetic query optimization, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-GEQO">Genetic Query Optimizer</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm144395">gen_random_bytes, <a class="indexterm" href="pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.9">Random-Data Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm144400">gen_random_uuid, <a class="indexterm" href="pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.9">Random-Data Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143960">gen_salt, <a class="indexterm" href="pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.6.8">gen_salt()</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35197">GEQO (see <a href="#ientry-idm35195">genetic query optimization</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35200">geqo configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-GEQO">Genetic Query Optimizer</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35222">geqo_effort configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-GEQO">Genetic Query Optimizer</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35243">geqo_generations configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-GEQO">Genetic Query Optimizer</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35233">geqo_pool_size configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-GEQO">Genetic Query Optimizer</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35262">geqo_seed configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-GEQO">Genetic Query Optimizer</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35253">geqo_selection_bias configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-GEQO">Genetic Query Optimizer</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35210">geqo_threshold configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-GEQO">Genetic Query Optimizer</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm12532">get_bit, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-binarystring.html">Binary String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm12547">get_byte, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-binarystring.html">Binary String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm17396">get_current_ts_config, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-textsearch.html">Text Search Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143402">get_raw_page, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.4">General Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm26495">GIN (see <a href="#ientry-idm26339">index</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm25142">gin_clean_pending_list, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-INDEX">Index Maintenance Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37155">gin_fuzzy_search_limit configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-OTHER">Other Defaults</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143625">gin_leafpage_items, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.7">GIN Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143605">gin_metapage_info, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.7">GIN Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143615">gin_page_opaque_info, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.7">GIN Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36862">gin_pending_list_limit configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT">Statement Behavior</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm26428">GiST (see <a href="#ientry-idm26339">index</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm70038">global data, <a class="indexterm" href="pltcl-global.html">Global Data in PL/Tcl</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/Python, <a class="indexterm" href="plpython-sharing.html">Sharing Data</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/Tcl, <a class="indexterm" href="pltcl-global.html">Global Data in PL/Tcl</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm2897">GRANT, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-priv.html">Privileges</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-grant.html">GRANT</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19520">GREATEST, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-conditional.html#FUNCTIONS-GREATEST-LEAST">GREATEST and LEAST</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="typeconv-union-case.html">UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">determination of result type, <a class="indexterm" href="typeconv-union-case.html">UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm127253">Gregorian calendar, <a class="indexterm" href="datetime-units-history.html">History of Units</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm851">GROUP BY, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-agg.html">Aggregate Functions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-GROUP">The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm4402">grouping, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-GROUP">The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm21127">GROUPING, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm4485">GROUPING SETS, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-GROUPING-SETS">GROUPING SETS, CUBE, and ROLLUP</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm38535">GSSAPI, <a class="indexterm" href="auth-methods.html#GSSAPI-AUTH">GSSAPI Authentication</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7693">GUID, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-uuid.html">UUID Type</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv" id="indexdiv-H"><h3>H</h3><dl><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm26416">hash (see <a href="#ientry-idm26339">index</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143668">hash_bitmap_info, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.8">Hash Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143678">hash_metapage_info, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.8">Hash Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143658">hash_page_items, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.8">Hash Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143648">hash_page_stats, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.8">Hash Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143638">hash_page_type, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.8">Hash Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22457">has_any_column_privilege, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22459">has_column_privilege, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22461">has_database_privilege, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22465">has_foreign_data_wrapper_privilege, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22463">has_function_privilege, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22467">has_language_privilege, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22469">has_schema_privilege, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22473">has_sequence_privilege, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22471">has_server_privilege, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22477">has_tablespace_privilege, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22475">has_table_privilege, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22479">has_type_privilege, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm853">HAVING, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-agg.html">Aggregate Functions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-GROUP">The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33356">hba_file configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-file-locations.html">File Locations</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143453">heap_page_items, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.4">General Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143480">heap_page_item_attrs, <a class="indexterm" href="pageinspect.html#id-1.11.7.32.4">General Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm16361">height, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-geometry.html">Geometric Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm603">hierarchical database, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-concepts.html">Concepts</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm41905">high availability, <a class="indexterm" href="high-availability.html">High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm100">history, <a class="indexterm" href="history.html">A Brief History of PostgreSQL</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">of PostgreSQL, <a class="indexterm" href="history.html">A Brief History of PostgreSQL</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143863">hmac, <a class="indexterm" href="pgcrypto.html#id-1.11.7.35.5.3">hmac()</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm16984">host, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-net.html">Network Address Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm47808">host name, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PARAMKEYWORDS">Parameter Key Words</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm16998">hostmask, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-net.html">Network Address Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm42534">Hot Standby, <a class="indexterm" href="high-availability.html">High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34814">hot_standby configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-STANDBY">Standby Servers</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34865">hot_standby_feedback configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-replication.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-REPLICATION-STANDBY">Standby Servers</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm31430">HP-UX, <a class="indexterm" href="installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-HPUX">HP-UX</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">installation on, <a class="indexterm" href="installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-HPUX">HP-UX</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IPC configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="kernel-resources.html#SYSVIPC">Shared Memory and Semaphores</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">shared library, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html#DFUNC">Compiling and Linking Dynamically-loaded Functions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141599">hstore, <a class="indexterm" href="hstore.html">hstore</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="hstore.html#id-1.11.7.26.5">hstore Operators and Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141918">hstore_to_array, <a class="indexterm" href="hstore.html#id-1.11.7.26.5">hstore Operators and Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141944">hstore_to_json, <a class="indexterm" href="hstore.html#id-1.11.7.26.5">hstore Operators and Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141958">hstore_to_jsonb, <a class="indexterm" href="hstore.html#id-1.11.7.26.5">hstore Operators and Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141986">hstore_to_jsonb_loose, <a class="indexterm" href="hstore.html#id-1.11.7.26.5">hstore Operators and Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141972">hstore_to_json_loose, <a class="indexterm" href="hstore.html#id-1.11.7.26.5">hstore Operators and Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141931">hstore_to_matrix, <a class="indexterm" href="hstore.html#id-1.11.7.26.5">hstore Operators and Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33832">huge_pages configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY">Memory</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm21018">hypothetical-set aggregate</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">built-in, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv" id="indexdiv-I"><h3>I</h3><dl><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm142258">icount, <a class="indexterm" href="intarray.html#id-1.11.7.28.6">intarray Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm30650">ICU, <a class="indexterm" href="install-procedure.html">Installation Procedure</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="collation.html#COLLATION-MANAGING">Managing Collations</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createcollation.html#id-1.9.3.56.6">Parameters</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm38692">ident, <a class="indexterm" href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-IDENT">Ident Authentication</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1179">identifier, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS">Identifiers and Key Words</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">length, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS">Identifiers and Key Words</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">syntax of, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS">Identifiers and Key Words</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm118284">IDENTIFY_SYSTEM, <a class="indexterm" href="protocol-replication.html">Streaming Replication Protocol</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33366">ident_file configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-file-locations.html">File Locations</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36738">idle_in_transaction_session_timeout configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT">Statement Behavior</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm142331">idx, <a class="indexterm" href="intarray.html#id-1.11.7.28.6">intarray Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19479">IFNULL, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-conditional.html#FUNCTIONS-COALESCE-NVL-IFNULL">COALESCE</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37863">ignore_checksum_failure configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-developer.html">Developer Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37670">ignore_system_indexes configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-developer.html">Developer Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm62339">IMMUTABLE, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-volatility.html">Function Volatility Categories</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm92389">IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-importforeignschema.html">IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm21351">IN, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-subquery.html">Subquery Expressions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparisons.html">Row and Array Comparisons</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33282">include</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="config-setting.html#CONFIG-INCLUDES">Managing Configuration File Contents</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33299">include_dir</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="config-setting.html#CONFIG-INCLUDES">Managing Configuration File Contents</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33290">include_if_exists</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="config-setting.html#CONFIG-INCLUDES">Managing Configuration File Contents</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm26339">index, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes.html">Indexes</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-multicolumn.html">Multicolumn Indexes</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-ordering.html">Indexes and ORDER BY</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-bitmap-scans.html">Combining Multiple Indexes</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-unique.html">Unique Indexes</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-expressional.html">Indexes on Expressions</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-partial.html">Partial Indexes</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-index-only-scans.html">Index-Only Scans</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-examine.html">Examining Index Usage</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="textsearch-indexes.html">GIN and GiST Index Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="textsearch-indexes.html">GIN and GiST Index Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="locking-indexes.html">Locking and Indexes</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="xindex.html">Interfacing Extensions To Indexes</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-CONCURRENTLY">Building Indexes Concurrently</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ltree.html#id-1.11.7.31.5">Operators and Functions</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">and ORDER BY, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-ordering.html">Indexes and ORDER BY</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B-tree, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-types.html">Index Types</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BRIN, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-types.html">Index Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="brin.html">BRIN Indexes</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">building concurrently, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-CONCURRENTLY">Building Indexes Concurrently</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">combining multiple indexes, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-bitmap-scans.html">Combining Multiple Indexes</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">examining usage, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-examine.html">Examining Index Usage</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on expressions, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-expressional.html">Indexes on Expressions</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">for user-defined data type, <a class="indexterm" href="xindex.html">Interfacing Extensions To Indexes</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GIN, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-types.html">Index Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="textsearch-indexes.html">GIN and GiST Index Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="gin.html">GIN Indexes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">text search, <a class="indexterm" href="textsearch-indexes.html">GIN and GiST Index Types</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GiST, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-types.html">Index Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="textsearch-indexes.html">GIN and GiST Index Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="gist.html">GiST Indexes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">text search, <a class="indexterm" href="textsearch-indexes.html">GIN and GiST Index Types</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">hash, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-types.html">Index Types</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">index-only scans, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-index-only-scans.html">Index-Only Scans</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">locks, <a class="indexterm" href="locking-indexes.html">Locking and Indexes</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">multicolumn, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-multicolumn.html">Multicolumn Indexes</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">partial, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-partial.html">Partial Indexes</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SP-GiST, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-types.html">Index Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="spgist.html">SP-GiST Indexes</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">unique, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-unique.html">Unique Indexes</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm34989">index scan, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-ENABLE">Planner Method Configuration</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm26817">index-only scan, <a class="indexterm" href="indexes-index-only-scans.html">Index-Only Scans</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm8881">index_am_handler, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-pseudo.html">Pseudo-Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7368">inet (data type), <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-net-types.html#DATATYPE-INET">inet</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22097">inet_client_addr, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22099">inet_client_port, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm17113">inet_merge, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-net.html">Network Address Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm17098">inet_same_family, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-net.html">Network Address Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22101">inet_server_addr, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22103">inet_server_port, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm56318">information schema, <a class="indexterm" href="information-schema.html">The Information Schema</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1079">inheritance, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-inheritance.html">Inheritance</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ddl-inherit.html">Inheritance</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10682">initcap, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm31896">initdb, <a class="indexterm" href="creating-cluster.html">Creating a Database Cluster</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="app-initdb.html">initdb</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm125033">Initialization Fork, <a class="indexterm" href="storage-init.html">The Initialization Fork</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm63528">input function, <a class="indexterm" href="xtypes.html">User-defined Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm678">INSERT, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-populate.html">Populating a Table With Rows</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="dml-insert.html">Inserting Data</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="dml-returning.html">Returning Data From Modified Rows</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-insert.html">INSERT</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RETURNING, <a class="indexterm" href="dml-returning.html">Returning Data From Modified Rows</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm3763">inserting, <a class="indexterm" href="dml-insert.html">Inserting Data</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm30196">installation, <a class="indexterm" href="installation.html">  Installation from Source Code</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on Windows, <a class="indexterm" href="install-windows.html">Installation from Source Code on Windows</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm69955">instr function, <a class="indexterm" href="plpgsql-porting.html#PLPGSQL-PORTING-APPENDIX">Appendix</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm5426">int2 (see <a href="#ientry-idm5419">smallint</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm5423">int4 (see <a href="#ientry-idm1474">integer</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm5429">int8 (see <a href="#ientry-idm1476">bigint</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm142188">intagg, <a class="indexterm" href="intagg.html">intagg</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm142230">intarray, <a class="indexterm" href="intarray.html">intarray</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1474">integer, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-CONSTANTS-NUMERIC">Numeric Constants</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-numeric.html#DATATYPE-INT">Integer Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37515">integer_datetimes configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-preset.html">Preset Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm148185">interfaces</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">externally maintained, <a class="indexterm" href="external-interfaces.html">Client Interfaces</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm8887">internal, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-pseudo.html">Pseudo-Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm4666">INTERSECT, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-union.html">Combining Queries</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm6062">interval, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-datetime.html">Date/Time Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-INTERVAL-INPUT">Interval Input</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">output format, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-INTERVAL-OUTPUT">Interval Output</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also <a href="#ientry-idm13970">formatting</a>)</dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36905">IntervalStyle configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT">Locale and Formatting</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm142369">intset, <a class="indexterm" href="intarray.html#id-1.11.7.28.6">intarray Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm142195">int_array_aggregate, <a class="indexterm" href="intagg.html#id-1.11.7.27.4">Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm142202">int_array_enum, <a class="indexterm" href="intagg.html#id-1.11.7.27.4">Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20933">inverse distribution, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9312">IS DISTINCT FROM, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparison.html">Comparison Functions and Operators</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparisons.html">Row and Array Comparisons</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18216">IS DOCUMENT, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-xml.html#id-1.5.8.19.4.3">IS DOCUMENT</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9380">IS FALSE, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparison.html">Comparison Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9314">IS NOT DISTINCT FROM, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparison.html">Comparison Functions and Operators</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparisons.html">Row and Array Comparisons</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18226">IS NOT DOCUMENT, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-xml.html#id-1.5.8.19.4.4">IS NOT DOCUMENT</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9382">IS NOT FALSE, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparison.html">Comparison Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9334">IS NOT NULL, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparison.html">Comparison Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9378">IS NOT TRUE, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparison.html">Comparison Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9386">IS NOT UNKNOWN, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparison.html">Comparison Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9332">IS NULL, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparison.html">Comparison Functions and Operators</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-CLIENTS">Platform and Client Compatibility</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9376">IS TRUE, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparison.html">Comparison Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9384">IS UNKNOWN, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparison.html">Comparison Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm16363">isclosed, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-geometry.html">Geometric Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20154">isempty, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-range.html">Range Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15206">isfinite, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm142534">isn, <a class="indexterm" href="isn.html">isn</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9336">ISNULL, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-comparison.html">Comparison Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm142656">isn_weak, <a class="indexterm" href="isn.html#id-1.11.7.29.6">Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm16365">isopen, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-geometry.html">Geometric Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm70827">is_array_ref</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/Perl, <a class="indexterm" href="plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS">Utility Functions in PL/Perl</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm142678">is_valid, <a class="indexterm" href="isn.html#id-1.11.7.29.6">Functions and Operators</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv" id="indexdiv-J"><h3>J</h3><dl><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm759">join, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-join.html">Joins Between Tables</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN">Joined Tables</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="explicit-joins.html">Controlling the Planner with Explicit JOIN Clauses</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">controlling the order, <a class="indexterm" href="explicit-joins.html">Controlling the Planner with Explicit JOIN Clauses</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cross, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN">Joined Tables</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">left, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN">Joined Tables</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">natural, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN">Joined Tables</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">outer, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-join.html">Joins Between Tables</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN">Joined Tables</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">right, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN">Joined Tables</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">self, <a class="indexterm" href="tutorial-join.html">Joins Between Tables</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35336">join_collapse_limit configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-query.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-QUERY-OTHER">Other Planner Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7789">JSON, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-json.html">JSON Types</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">functions and operators, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7791">JSONB, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-json.html">JSON Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7910">jsonb</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">containment, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-json.html#JSON-CONTAINMENT">jsonb Containment and Existence</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">existence, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-json.html#JSON-CONTAINMENT">jsonb Containment and Existence</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">indexes on, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-json.html#JSON-INDEXING">jsonb Indexing</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20440">jsonb_agg, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18837">jsonb_array_elements, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18841">jsonb_array_elements_text, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18805">jsonb_array_length, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18689">jsonb_build_array, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18691">jsonb_build_object, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18809">jsonb_each, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18813">jsonb_each_text, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18817">jsonb_extract_path, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18821">jsonb_extract_path_text, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18861">jsonb_insert, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18693">jsonb_object, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20465">jsonb_object_agg, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18825">jsonb_object_keys, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18829">jsonb_populate_record, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18833">jsonb_populate_recordset, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18863">jsonb_pretty, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18859">jsonb_set, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18857">jsonb_strip_nulls, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18849">jsonb_to_record, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18853">jsonb_to_recordset, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18845">jsonb_typeof, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20428">json_agg, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18835">json_array_elements, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18839">json_array_elements_text, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18803">json_array_length, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18681">json_build_array, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18683">json_build_object, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18807">json_each, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18811">json_each_text, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18815">json_extract_path, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18819">json_extract_path_text, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18685">json_object, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20452">json_object_agg, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18823">json_object_keys, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18827">json_populate_record, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18831">json_populate_recordset, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18855">json_strip_nulls, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18847">json_to_record, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18851">json_to_recordset, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm18843">json_typeof, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-json.html">JSON Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm127255">Julian date, <a class="indexterm" href="datetime-units-history.html">History of Units</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15244">justify_days, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15258">justify_hours, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15272">justify_interval, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv" id="indexdiv-K"><h3>K</h3><dl><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm1185">key word, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS">Identifiers and Key Words</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-keywords-appendix.html">SQL Key Words</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">list of, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-keywords-appendix.html">SQL Key Words</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">syntax of, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS">Identifiers and Key Words</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33770">krb_caseins_users configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SECURITY">Security and Authentication</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33759">krb_server_keyfile configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SECURITY">Security and Authentication</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv" id="indexdiv-L"><h3>L</h3><dl><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm4166">label (see <a href="#ientry-idm810">alias</a>)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm21222">lag, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-window.html">Window Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm8877">language_handler, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-pseudo.html">Pseudo-Types</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51442">large object, <a class="indexterm" href="largeobjects.html">Large Objects</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19223">lastval, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-sequence.html">Sequence Manipulation Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm21280">last_value, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-window.html">Window Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm4316">LATERAL, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-LATERAL">LATERAL Subqueries</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in the FROM clause, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-LATERAL">LATERAL Subqueries</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141339">latitude, <a class="indexterm" href="earthdistance.html#id-1.11.7.23.5">Cube-based Earth Distances</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143299">lca, <a class="indexterm" href="ltree.html#id-1.11.7.31.5">Operators and Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37527">lc_collate configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-preset.html">Preset Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37537">lc_ctype configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-preset.html">Preset Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36991">lc_messages configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT">Locale and Formatting</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37003">lc_monetary configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT">Locale and Formatting</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37014">lc_numeric configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT">Locale and Formatting</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37025">lc_time configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-FORMAT">Locale and Formatting</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm30698">LDAP, <a class="indexterm" href="install-procedure.html">Installation Procedure</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="auth-methods.html#AUTH-LDAP">LDAP Authentication</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51022">LDAP connection parameter lookup, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-ldap.html">LDAP Lookup of Connection Parameters</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm31186">ldconfig, <a class="indexterm" href="install-post.html#id-1.6.3.8.2">Shared Libraries</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm21245">lead, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-window.html">Window Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm19522">LEAST, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-conditional.html#FUNCTIONS-GREATEST-LEAST">GREATEST and LEAST</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="typeconv-union-case.html">UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">determination of result type, <a class="indexterm" href="typeconv-union-case.html">UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10696">left, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm4067">left join, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-JOIN">Joined Tables</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10285">length, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-binarystring.html">Binary String Functions and Operators</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-geometry.html">Geometric Functions and Operators</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-textsearch.html">Text Search Functions and Operators</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">of a binary string (see binary strings, length)</dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">of a character string (see <a href="#ientry-idm1272">character string, length</a>)</dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm27565">length(tsvector), <a class="indexterm" href="textsearch-features.html#TEXTSEARCH-MANIPULATE-TSVECTOR">Manipulating Documents</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141554">levenshtein, <a class="indexterm" href="fuzzystrmatch.html#id-1.11.7.25.6">Levenshtein</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141556">levenshtein_less_equal, <a class="indexterm" href="fuzzystrmatch.html#id-1.11.7.25.6">Levenshtein</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm30351">lex, <a class="indexterm" href="install-requirements.html">Requirements</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm30246">libedit, <a class="indexterm" href="install-requirements.html">Requirements</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm30280">libperl, <a class="indexterm" href="install-requirements.html">Requirements</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm47310">libpq, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq.html">libpq - C Library</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-single-row-mode.html">Retrieving Query Results Row-By-Row</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">single-row mode, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-single-row-mode.html">Retrieving Query Results Row-By-Row</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm47337">libpq-fe.h, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq.html">libpq - C Library</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-status.html">Connection Status Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm48121">libpq-int.h, <a class="indexterm" href="libpq-status.html">Connection Status Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm30305">libpython, <a class="indexterm" href="install-requirements.html">Requirements</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm62508">library finalization function, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-DYNLOAD">Dynamic Loading</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm62506">library initialization function, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-DYNLOAD">Dynamic Loading</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm12771">LIKE, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-matching.html#FUNCTIONS-LIKE">LIKE</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">and locales, <a class="indexterm" href="locale.html#id-1.6.10.3.5">Behavior</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm4779">LIMIT, <a class="indexterm" href="queries-limit.html">LIMIT and OFFSET</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7145">line, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-geometric.html#DATATYPE-LINE">Lines</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7185">line segment, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-geometric.html#DATATYPE-LSEG">Line Segments</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20594">linear regression, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm32070">Linux</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IPC configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="kernel-resources.html#SYSVIPC">Shared Memory and Semaphores</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">shared library, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html#DFUNC">Compiling and Linking Dynamically-loaded Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">start script, <a class="indexterm" href="server-start.html">Starting the Database Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm92875">LISTEN, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-listen.html">LISTEN</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33414">listen_addresses configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS">Connection Settings</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141331">ll_to_earth, <a class="indexterm" href="earthdistance.html#id-1.11.7.23.5">Cube-based Earth Distances</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9723">ln, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm142737">lo, <a class="indexterm" href="lo.html">lo</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm92943">LOAD, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-load.html">LOAD</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm41911">load balancing, <a class="indexterm" href="high-availability.html">High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm31954">locale, <a class="indexterm" href="creating-cluster.html">Creating a Database Cluster</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="locale.html">Locale Support</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15288">localtime, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15300">localtimestamp, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37068">local_preload_libraries configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-PRELOAD">Shared Library Preloading</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm28912">lock, <a class="indexterm" href="explicit-locking.html">Explicit Locking</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="explicit-locking.html#ADVISORY-LOCKS">Advisory Locks</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="monitoring-locks.html">Viewing Locks</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">advisory, <a class="indexterm" href="explicit-locking.html#ADVISORY-LOCKS">Advisory Locks</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="monitoring-locks.html">Viewing Locks</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm28925">LOCK, <a class="indexterm" href="explicit-locking.html#LOCKING-TABLES">Table-level Locks</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sql-lock.html">LOCK</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36717">lock_timeout configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-client.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CLIENT-STATEMENT">Statement Behavior</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm9737">log, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-math.html">Mathematical Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm42149">log shipping, <a class="indexterm" href="high-availability.html">High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm22122">Logging</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">current_logfiles file and the pg_current_logfile
-    function, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pg_current_logfile function, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-info.html">System Information Functions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35443">logging_collector configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE">Where To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm74455">Logical Decoding, <a class="indexterm" href="logicaldecoding.html">Logical Decoding</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="logicaldecoding-explanation.html#id-1.8.14.8.2">Logical Decoding</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm39037">login privilege, <a class="indexterm" href="role-attributes.html">Role Attributes</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36353">log_autovacuum_min_duration configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-autovacuum.html">Automatic Vacuuming</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37819">log_btree_build_stats configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-developer.html">Developer Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35866">log_checkpoints configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT">What To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35876">log_connections configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT">What To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35393">log_destination configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE">Where To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35464">log_directory configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE">Where To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35890">log_disconnections configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT">What To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35901">log_duration configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT">What To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35919">log_error_verbosity configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT">What To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36318">log_executor_stats configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-statistics.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-STATISTICS-MONITOR">Statistics Monitoring</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35476">log_filename configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE">Where To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35504">log_file_mode configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE">Where To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35939">log_hostname configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT">What To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35949">log_line_prefix configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT">What To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36077">log_lock_waits configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT">What To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35710">log_min_duration_statement configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHEN">When To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35686">log_min_error_statement configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHEN">When To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35661">log_min_messages configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHEN">When To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36306">log_parser_stats configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-statistics.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-STATISTICS-MONITOR">Statistics Monitoring</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36312">log_planner_stats configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-statistics.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-STATISTICS-MONITOR">Statistics Monitoring</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36123">log_replication_commands configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT">What To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35523">log_rotation_age configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE">Where To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35534">log_rotation_size configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE">Where To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36088">log_statement configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT">What To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36300">log_statement_stats configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-statistics.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-STATISTICS-MONITOR">Statistics Monitoring</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36134">log_temp_files configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT">What To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm36143">log_timezone configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHAT">What To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm35545">log_truncate_on_rotation configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-logging.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-LOGGING-WHERE">Where To Log</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm141347">longitude, <a class="indexterm" href="earthdistance.html#id-1.11.7.23.5">Cube-based Earth Distances</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm70815">looks_like_number</dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/Perl, <a class="indexterm" href="plperl-builtins.html#PLPERL-UTILITY-FUNCTIONS">Utility Functions in PL/Perl</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm68437">loop, <a class="indexterm" href="plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-CONTROL-STRUCTURES-LOOPS">Simple Loops</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in PL/pgSQL, <a class="indexterm" href="plpgsql-control-structures.html#PLPGSQL-CONTROL-STRUCTURES-LOOPS">Simple Loops</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10295">lower, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-range.html">Range Functions and Operators</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">and locales, <a class="indexterm" href="locale.html#id-1.6.10.3.5">Behavior</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20156">lower_inc, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-range.html">Range Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20160">lower_inf, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-range.html">Range Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51707">lo_close, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-CLOSE">Closing a Large Object Descriptor</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37324">lo_compat_privileges configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-compatible.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-COMPATIBLE-VERSION">Previous PostgreSQL Versions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51506">lo_creat, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-CREATE">Creating a Large Object</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-funcs.html">Server-side Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51521">lo_create, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-CREATE">Creating a Large Object</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51562">lo_export, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-EXPORT">Exporting a Large Object</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-funcs.html">Server-side Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51738">lo_from_bytea, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-funcs.html">Server-side Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51774">lo_get, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-funcs.html">Server-side Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51539">lo_import, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-IMPORT">Importing a Large Object</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-funcs.html">Server-side Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51545">lo_import_with_oid, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-IMPORT">Importing a Large Object</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51639">lo_lseek, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-SEEK">Seeking in a Large Object</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51649">lo_lseek64, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-SEEK">Seeking in a Large Object</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51570">lo_open, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-OPEN">Opening an Existing Large Object</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51756">lo_put, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-funcs.html">Server-side Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51622">lo_read, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-READ">Reading Data from a Large Object</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51661">lo_tell, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-TELL">Obtaining the Seek Position of a Large Object</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51665">lo_tell64, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-TELL">Obtaining the Seek Position of a Large Object</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51676">lo_truncate, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-TRUNCATE">Truncating a Large Object</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51693">lo_truncate64, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-TRUNCATE">Truncating a Large Object</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51717">lo_unlink, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-UNLINK">Removing a Large Object</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-funcs.html">Server-side Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm51605">lo_write, <a class="indexterm" href="lo-interfaces.html#LO-WRITE">Writing Data to a Large Object</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10749">lpad, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7183">lseg, <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-geometric.html#DATATYPE-LSEG">Line Segments</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-geometry.html">Geometric Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm46765">LSN, <a class="indexterm" href="wal-internals.html">WAL Internals</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm142789">ltree, <a class="indexterm" href="ltree.html">ltree</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm143285">ltree2text, <a class="indexterm" href="ltree.html#id-1.11.7.31.5">Operators and Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm10774">ltrim, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-string.html">String Functions and Operators</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv" id="indexdiv-M"><h3>M</h3><dl><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7497">MAC address (see macaddr)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7526">MAC address (EUI-64 format) (see macaddr)</dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7495">macaddr (data type), <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-net-types.html#DATATYPE-MACADDR">macaddr</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm7524">macaddr8 (data type), <a class="indexterm" href="datatype-net-types.html#DATATYPE-MACADDR8">macaddr8</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm17215">macaddr8_set7bit, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-net.html">Network Address Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm31457">macOS, <a class="indexterm" href="installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-MACOS">macOS</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">installation on, <a class="indexterm" href="installation-platform-notes.html#INSTALLATION-NOTES-MACOS">macOS</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IPC configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="kernel-resources.html#SYSVIPC">Shared Memory and Semaphores</a></dt><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">shared library, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html#DFUNC">Compiling and Linking Dynamically-loaded Functions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm62490">magic block, <a class="indexterm" href="xfunc-c.html#XFUNC-C-DYNLOAD">Dynamic Loading</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm40818">maintenance, <a class="indexterm" href="maintenance.html">Routine Database Maintenance Tasks</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33896">maintenance_work_mem configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY">Memory</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm30216">make, <a class="indexterm" href="install-requirements.html">Requirements</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15312">make_date, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15331">make_interval, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15358">make_time, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15377">make_timestamp, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm15402">make_timestamptz, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-datetime.html">Date/Time Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm142670">make_valid, <a class="indexterm" href="isn.html#id-1.11.7.29.6">Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm31216">MANPATH, <a class="indexterm" href="install-post.html#id-1.6.3.8.3">Environment Variables</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm17012">masklen, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-net.html">Network Address Functions and Operators</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm66925">materialized view, <a class="indexterm" href="rules-materializedviews.html">Materialized Views</a></dt><dd xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><dl><dt xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">implementation through rules, <a class="indexterm" href="rules-materializedviews.html">Materialized Views</a></dt></dl></dd><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm116089">materialized views, <a class="indexterm" href="view-pg-matviews.html">pg_matviews</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm20478">max, <a class="indexterm" href="functions-aggregate.html">Aggregate Functions</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33439">max_connections configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-connection.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS">Connection Settings</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm33990">max_files_per_process configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-KERNEL">Kernel Resource Usage</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37548">max_function_args configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-preset.html">Preset Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" id="ientry-idm37558">max_identifier_length configuration parameter, <a class="indexterm" href="runtime-config-preset.html">Preset Options</a></dt><dt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xl