Merge lp:~nijaba/ubuntu-server-tips/newtips into lp:ubuntu-server-tips

[Nick Barcet]

[Nick Barcet (nijaba)]

Add new tips that were marked confirmed in the bug list and remove prefix on each tip.

[Dave Walker (davewalker)]

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merge approved
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[Dave Walker (davewalker)]

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 merge approved

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review: Approve

[Dave Walker (davewalker)]

Merged ages ago, marking as such! Thanks!

=== modified file 'ubuntu-server-tips'
--- ubuntu-server-tips	2009-08-17 18:11:26 +0000
+++ ubuntu-server-tips	2009-09-05 13:37:28 +0000
@@ -1,112 +1,148 @@
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Want to run your own cloud infrastructure in your
-enterprise? Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud powered by Eucalyptus has what you need:
-http://www.ubuntu.com/cloud
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Did you know that you can get useful notifications
-displayed at the bottom of a terminal by using the byobu package?
-http://launchpad.net/byobu
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: 'screen' can create multiple "windows" which you can
-detach and re-attach later. The Byobu package makes screen even
-simpler. http://launchpad.net/byobu
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: The powernap package allows you to suspend servers which
-are not being used, and save energy.  https://launchpad.net/powernap
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: 'etckeeper' allows you to save changes you make to /etc
-in a bazaar repository. Useful to track and revert
-changes. http://tinyurl.com/etckeeper
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Your KVM powered virtual machines will do IOs up to seven
-times faster if you enable virtio. http://tinyurl.com/virtio
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: The Ubuntu Server Team is an open community always
-looking for feedback and help: https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-server
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Did you know that releases of Ubuntu labeled LTS are
-maintained for 5 years on servers? 'cat /etc/lsb-release' will tell you
-which release you are on.
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Browse the command line history with ctrl-r and then type
-a few characters that you know are part of the command you are looking for.
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Edit the command line with cut and paste: ctrl-k for cut,
-and ctrl-y for paste.
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Reach the end-of-line with ctrl-e and the beginning of
-line with ctrl-a.
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Instead of typing the user and group, if they are the
-same ( like for www-data ) you can just type the user followed by a colon,
-e.g. "$ sudo chown -R www-data: *"
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Use the "which" command to find if an executable is in
-your path, and if it is, where you can find the file. e.g. $ which nano
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Instead of typing exit or closing the terminal if you
-want to logout you can press Ctrl+d.
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Use 'tail -f file' to watch a log file as messages get
-appended, and use 'tail -100 file' to change the count of lines read from
-the file (to 100 in this case).
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: An easy way to see what processes own which network
-connections: "sudo netstat -tup" for established connections and "sudo
-netstat -tupl" for listening daemons.
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: The "history" command will show you the commands you've
-used before, alternatively you can use the up arrow button to look through
-them.
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: To make a backup without typing the full path twice: $ cp
-/long/path/to/file/name{,.orig} to create a copy with the suffix .orig
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: If you executed a command and neglected to use sudo, you
-can execute "sudo !!" to re-execute the previous command with sudo
-prepended.
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Install "denyhosts" to help protect against brute force
-SSH attacks, auto-blocking attempts.
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Use "iotop" for measuring hard disk I/O (current read /
-write) usage per application.
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: If you are using a PostgreSQL database, use "ptop" to
-monitor real time usage.
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Use "iftop" to monitor current network activity
-connections per host.
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Use "pastebinit" to copy a file, or output of a command
-to a webpage allowing you to share it with others. e.g. "pastebinit
-/proc/cpuinfo" or "df -h | pastebinit"
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Use "tail -f /var/log/some.log" to see new lines added to
-a log instantly in real time.  Ideal from watching webserver requests as
-they happen.  Can also be used in conjunction with "grep".
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Save time by starting to type a command or file name,
-then press tab to complete. Hit tab twice to bring up multiple completion
-options.
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Append your ssh key to your server's authorized keys file
-using the command "ssh-copy-id user@server_address"
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: If you want to download a file from a URL via the
-console, you can use the command "wget http://address/to/file.tar"
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: To manage Apache modules use "a2enmod" to enable and
-"a2dismod" to disable. e.g. "sudo a2enmod rewrite"
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: To manage Apache virtualhosts use "a2ensite" to enable
-and "a2dissite" to disable. e.g. "sudo a2ensite example.org"
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: Use "top" to get a view of your server's performance
-such as processor, memory and swap utilisation and to see a rolling display
-of the top cpu using processes.
-%
-Ubuntu Server Tip: If you need to perform a command a second time on a
-different file, you can use command replacement with the ^ symbol. e.g. "cp
-foo.txt /to/some/directory" then "^foo^bar", expanding to: "cp bar.txt
-/to/some/directory".
+Want to run your own cloud infrastructure in your enterprise? Ubuntu Enterprise
+Cloud powered by Eucalyptus has what you need: http://www.ubuntu.com/cloud
+%
+Did you know that you can get useful notifications displayed at the bottom of a
+terminal by using the byobu package?  http://launchpad.net/byobu
+%
+'screen' can create multiple "windows" which you can detach and re-attach later.
+The Byobu package makes screen even simpler. http://launchpad.net/byobu
+%
+The powernap package allows you to suspend servers which are not being used, and
+save energy.  https://launchpad.net/powernap
+%
+'etckeeper' allows you to save changes you make to /etc in a bazaar repository.
+Useful to track and revert changes. http://tinyurl.com/etckeeper
+%
+Your KVM powered virtual machines will do IOs up to seven times faster if you 
+enable virtio. http://tinyurl.com/virtio
+%
+The Ubuntu Server Team is an open community always looking for feedback and 
+help: https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-server
+%
+Did you know that releases of Ubuntu labeled LTS are maintained for 5 years on
+servers? 'cat /etc/lsb-release' will tell you which release you are on.
+%
+Browse the command line history with ctrl-r and then type a few characters that
+you know are part of the command you are looking for.
+%
+Edit the command line with cut and paste: ctrl-k for cut, and ctrl-y for paste.
+%
+Reach the end-of-line with ctrl-e and the beginning of line with ctrl-a.
+%
+Instead of typing the user and group, if they are the same (like for www-data)
+you can just type the user followed by a colon: 'sudo chown -R www-data: *'
+%
+Use the "which" command to find if an executable is in your path, and if it is,
+where you can find the file. e.g. 'which nano'
+%
+Instead of typing exit or closing the terminal if you want to logout you can
+press Ctrl+D.
+%
+Use 'tail -f file' to watch a log file as messages get appended, and use 
+'tail -100 file' to change the count of lines read from the file.
+%
+An easy way to see what processes own which network connections: 'sudo 
+netstat -tup' for connections and 'sudo netstat -tupl for listening process.
+%
+The 'history' command will show you the commands you've used before. 
+Alternatively you can use the up arrow button to look through them.
+%
+To make a backup without typing the full path twice: 
+'cp /long/path/to/file/name{,.orig}' to create a copy with the suffix .orig
+%
+If you executed a command and neglected to use sudo, you can execute "sudo !!"
+to re-execute the previous command with sudo prepended.
+%
+Install 'denyhosts' to help protect against brute force SSH attacks, 
+auto-blocking multiple attempts.
+%
+Use "iotop" for measuring hard disk I/O (current read/write) usage 
+per application.
+%
+If you are using a PostgreSQL database, use "ptop" to monitor real time usage.
+%
+Use "iftop" to monitor current network activity connections per host.
+%
+Use "pastebinit" to copy a file, or output of a command to a webpage allowing 
+you to share it. e.g. 'pastebinit /proc/cpuinfo' or 'df -h | pastebinit'
+%
+Use "tail -f /var/log/some.log" to see new lines added to a log instantly in
+real time.  Ideal from watching webserver requests as they happen.
+%
+Save time starting to type a command or file name, then press tab to complete
+Hit tab twice to bring up multiple completion options.
+%
+Append your ssh key to your server's authorized keys file using the command 
+'ssh-copy-id user@server_address'
+%
+If you want to download a file from a URL via the console, you can use the 
+command 'wget http://address/to/file.tar'
+%
+To manage Apache modules use "a2enmod" to enable and "a2dismod" to disable.
+e.g. 'sudo a2enmod rewrite'
+%
+To manage Apache virtualhosts use "a2ensite" to enable and "a2dissite" to
+disable. e.g. "sudo a2ensite example.org"
+%
+Use "top" to get a view of your server's performance such as processor, memory
+and swap utilisation and see a rolling display of the top cpu using processes.
+%
+If you need to perform a command a second time on a different file, you can use
+command replacement with the ^ symbol. e.g. "cp foo.txt /to/some/directory"
+then "^foo^bar", expanding to: "cp bar.txt /to/some/directory".
+%
+You can contact the Ubuntu Server team on IRC using chat.freenode.net in channel
+#ubuntu-server. You can also use http://webchat.freenode.net.
+%
+You can edit your network configuration in /etc/network/interfaces and enable
+your changes by issuing the command sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart.
+%
+If the empty file ~/.hushlogin exists on the server, login to the server will be
+super quiet. Only the bash prompt is displayed.
+%
+To find a package which name or descriprition contains a keyword use: 
+'apt-cache search <keyword>'. 'apt-cache showpkg <packagename>' to get details.
+%
+If you need to compile a piece of software, you may need to install the 
+build-essential package. Use 'sudo apt-get install build-essential'.
+%
+You can use the text-based web browser w3m to browse the Internet in your 
+console screen. e.g 'w3m http://ubuntu.com'
+%
+The free command tells you the status of your memory and swap, how much you
+have used and how much you have left.
+%
+If you know you typed a command or password wrong, you can use ctrl + u to 
+delete the whole line or ctrl + w to delete just a word.
+%
+Typing 'dmesg | tail' after you plug in usb storage will give you its partition
+name (ex: /dev/sdb1) simplifying the mounting process.
+%
+The column allows you to format output neatly. ex: 'mount | column -t' will
+reformat mount's messy output. See 'man column' for more info.
+%
+Use awk to quickly filter columns from some command output.
+e.g.: ls -l | awk '{print $3 " " $9}'
+%
+You can change your hostname by editing the file /etc/hostname.
+%
+Use 'dpkg --get-selections > selections.txt' to save a selection and
+'dpkg --set-selections < selections.txt && apt-get dselect-upgrade' to restore.
+%
+To deactivate a service at boot, for example, apache2: 'sudo update-rc.d -f 
+apache2 remove'. To activate it: 'sudo update-rc.d apache2 install defaults'.
+%
+Tired of repeatedly pressing 'y' through some shell process (e.g. fsck)?
+Try the 'yes' command. 'man yes' for more info.
+%
+For a lightweight VPN alternative, have a look at ssh + netcat-openbsd for
+SOCKS proxy support.
+%
+Use the 'watch' command to repeat the same command a regular interval and get 
+helpful datetime output. 'man watch' for more details.
+%
+Use lsof to find out which process has open handles for a file. 'lsof +D /path'
+will find all processes for the given path. This is useful for unmounting media.
+%
+A for loop in bash syntax: 'for i in * ; do echo $i ; done'.
 %