/*
 *  Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells
 *
 *   Copyright (C) 2004-2007 by the GRASS Development Team
 *   Author(s): Hamish Bowman, University of Otago, New Zealand
 *              Martin Landa and Soeren Gebbert
 *
 *      This program is free software under the GNU General Public
 *      License (>=v2). Read the file COPYING that comes with GRASS
 *      for details.
 *
 */

#include "globals.h"

/* *************************************************************** */
/* **** univar_stat constructor ********************************** */
/* *************************************************************** */
univar_stat *create_univar_stat_struct(int map_type, int n_perc)
{
    univar_stat *stats;
    int i;
    int n_zones = zone_info.n_zones;

    if (n_zones == 0)
	n_zones = 1;

    stats = (univar_stat *) G_calloc(n_zones, sizeof(univar_stat));

    for (i = 0; i < n_zones; i++) {
	stats[i].sum = 0.0;
	stats[i].sumsq = 0.0;
	stats[i].min = 0.0 / 0.0;	/* set to nan as default */
	stats[i].max = 0.0 / 0.0;	/* set to nan as default */
	stats[i].n_perc = n_perc;
	if (n_perc > 0)
	    stats[i].perc = (double *)G_malloc(n_perc * sizeof(double));
	else
	    stats[i].perc = NULL;
	stats[i].sum_abs = 0.0;
	stats[i].n = 0;
	stats[i].size = 0;
	stats[i].dcell_array = NULL;
	stats[i].fcell_array = NULL;
	stats[i].cell_array = NULL;
	stats[i].map_type = map_type;

	stats[i].n_alloc = 0;

	stats[i].first = TRUE;

	/* allocate memory for extended computation */
	/* changed to on-demand block allocation */

/*	if (param.extended->answer) {
	    if (map_type == DCELL_TYPE) {
		stats[i].dcell_array = NULL;
	    }
	    else if (map_type == FCELL_TYPE) {
		stats[i].fcell_array =NULL;
	    }
	    else if (map_type == CELL_TYPE) {
		stats[i].cell_array = NULL;
	    }
	}
*/

    }

    return stats;
}


/* *************************************************************** */
/* **** univar_stat destructor *********************************** */
/* *************************************************************** */
void free_univar_stat_struct(univar_stat * stats)
{
    int i;
    int n_zones = zone_info.n_zones;

    if (n_zones == 0)
	n_zones = 1;

    for (i = 0; i < n_zones; i++){
	if (stats[i].perc)
	    G_free(stats[i].perc);
	if (stats[i].dcell_array)
	    G_free(stats[i].dcell_array);
	if (stats[i].fcell_array)
	    G_free(stats[i].fcell_array);
	if (stats[i].cell_array)
	    G_free(stats[i].cell_array);
    }

    G_free(stats);

    return;
}


/* *************************************************************** */
/* **** compute and print univar statistics to stdout ************ */
/* *************************************************************** */
int print_stats(univar_stat * stats)
{
    int z, n_zones = zone_info.n_zones;

    if (n_zones == 0)
	n_zones = 1;

    for (z = 0; z < n_zones; z++) {
	char sum_str[100];
	double mean, variance, stdev, var_coef;

	/* for extended stats */
	double quartile_25 = 0.0, quartile_75 = 0.0, *quartile_perc;
	double median = 0.0;
	unsigned int i;
	int qpos_25, qpos_75, *qpos_perc;

	/* all these calculations get promoted to doubles, so any DIV0 becomes nan */
	mean = stats[z].sum / stats[z].n;
	variance = (stats[z].sumsq - stats[z].sum * stats[z].sum / stats[z].n) / stats[z].n;
	if (variance < GRASS_EPSILON)
	    variance = 0.0;
	stdev = sqrt(variance);
	var_coef = (stdev / mean) * 100.;	/* perhaps stdev/fabs(mean) ? */

	if (stats[z].n == 0)
	    stats[z].sum = stats[z].sum_abs = 0.0 / 0.0;
	sprintf(sum_str, "%.15g", stats[z].sum);
	G_trim_decimal(sum_str);


	if (!param.shell_style->answer) {
	    if (zone_info.n_zones) {
	    	int z_cat = z + zone_info.min;
	    	fprintf(stdout, "\nzone %d %s\n\n", z_cat, Rast_get_c_cat(&z_cat, &(zone_info.cats)));
	    }
	    fprintf(stdout, "total null and non-null cells: %lu\n", stats[z].size);
	    fprintf(stdout, "total null cells: %lu\n\n", stats[z].size - stats[z].n);
	    fprintf(stdout, "Of the non-null cells:\n----------------------\n");
	}

	if (param.shell_style->answer) {
	    if (zone_info.n_zones) {
	    	int z_cat = z + zone_info.min;
	    	fprintf(stdout, "zone=%d;%s\n", z_cat, Rast_get_c_cat(&z_cat, &(zone_info.cats)));
	    }
	    fprintf(stdout, "n=%lu\n", stats[z].n);
	    fprintf(stdout, "null_cells=%lu\n", stats[z].size - stats[z].n);
	    fprintf(stdout, "cells=%lu\n", stats->size);
	    fprintf(stdout, "min=%.15g\n", stats[z].min);
	    fprintf(stdout, "max=%.15g\n", stats[z].max);
	    fprintf(stdout, "range=%.15g\n", stats[z].max - stats[z].min);
	    fprintf(stdout, "mean=%.15g\n", mean);
	    fprintf(stdout, "mean_of_abs=%.15g\n", stats[z].sum_abs / stats[z].n);
	    fprintf(stdout, "stddev=%.15g\n", stdev);
	    fprintf(stdout, "variance=%.15g\n", variance);
	    fprintf(stdout, "coeff_var=%.15g\n", var_coef);
	    fprintf(stdout, "sum=%s\n", sum_str);
	}
	else {
	    fprintf(stdout, "n: %lu\n", stats[z].n);
	    fprintf(stdout, "minimum: %g\n", stats[z].min);
	    fprintf(stdout, "maximum: %g\n", stats[z].max);
	    fprintf(stdout, "range: %g\n", stats[z].max - stats[z].min);
	    fprintf(stdout, "mean: %g\n", mean);
	    fprintf(stdout, "mean of absolute values: %g\n",
		    stats[z].sum_abs / stats[z].n);
	    fprintf(stdout, "standard deviation: %g\n", stdev);
	    fprintf(stdout, "variance: %g\n", variance);
	    fprintf(stdout, "variation coefficient: %g %%\n", var_coef);
	    fprintf(stdout, "sum: %s\n", sum_str);
	}


	/* TODO: mode, skewness, kurtosis */
	if (param.extended->answer) {
	    qpos_perc = (int *)G_calloc(stats[z].n_perc, sizeof(int));
	    quartile_perc = (double *)G_calloc(stats[z].n_perc, sizeof(double));

	    if (stats[z].n == 0) {
		quartile_25 = median = quartile_75 = 0.0 / 0.0;
		for (i = 0; i < stats[z].n_perc; i++)
		    quartile_perc[i] = 0.0 / 0.0;
	    }
	    else {
		for (i = 0; i < stats[z].n_perc; i++) {
		    qpos_perc[i] = (int)(stats[z].n * 1e-2 * stats[z].perc[i] - 0.5);
		}
		qpos_25 = (int)(stats[z].n * 0.25 - 0.5);
		qpos_75 = (int)(stats[z].n * 0.75 - 0.5);

		switch (stats[z].map_type) {
		case CELL_TYPE:
		    heapsort_int(stats[z].cell_array, stats[z].n);

		    quartile_25 = (double)stats[z].cell_array[qpos_25];
		    if (stats[z].n % 2)	/* odd */
			median = (double)stats[z].cell_array[(int)(stats[z].n / 2)];
		    else		/* even */
			median =
			    (double)(stats[z].cell_array[stats[z].n / 2 - 1] +
				     stats[z].cell_array[stats[z].n / 2]) / 2.0;
		    quartile_75 = (double)stats[z].cell_array[qpos_75];
		    for (i = 0; i < stats[z].n_perc; i++) {
			quartile_perc[i] = (double)stats[z].cell_array[qpos_perc[i]];
		    }
		    break;

		case FCELL_TYPE:
		    heapsort_float(stats[z].fcell_array, stats[z].n);

		    quartile_25 = (double)stats[z].fcell_array[qpos_25];
		    if (stats[z].n % 2)	/* odd */
			median = (double)stats[z].fcell_array[(int)(stats[z].n / 2)];
		    else		/* even */
			median =
			    (double)(stats[z].fcell_array[stats[z].n / 2 - 1] +
				     stats[z].fcell_array[stats[z].n / 2]) / 2.0;
		    quartile_75 = (double)stats[z].fcell_array[qpos_75];
		    for (i = 0; i < stats[z].n_perc; i++) {
			quartile_perc[i] = (double)stats[z].fcell_array[qpos_perc[i]];
		    }
		    break;

		case DCELL_TYPE:
		    heapsort_double(stats[z].dcell_array, stats[z].n);

		    quartile_25 = stats[z].dcell_array[qpos_25];
		    if (stats[z].n % 2)	/* odd */
			median = stats[z].dcell_array[(int)(stats[z].n / 2)];
		    else		/* even */
			median =
			    (stats[z].dcell_array[stats[z].n / 2 - 1] +
			     stats[z].dcell_array[stats[z].n / 2]) / 2.0;
		    quartile_75 = stats[z].dcell_array[qpos_75];
		    for (i = 0; i < stats[z].n_perc; i++) {
			quartile_perc[i] = stats[z].dcell_array[qpos_perc[i]];
		    }
		    break;

		default:
		    break;
		}
	    }

	    if (param.shell_style->answer) {
		fprintf(stdout, "first_quartile=%g\n", quartile_25);
		fprintf(stdout, "median=%g\n", median);
		fprintf(stdout, "third_quartile=%g\n", quartile_75);
		for (i = 0; i < stats[z].n_perc; i++) {
		    char buf[24];
		    sprintf(buf, "%.15g", stats[z].perc[i]);
		    G_strchg(buf, '.', '_');
		    fprintf(stdout, "percentile_%s=%g\n", buf,
			    quartile_perc[i]);
		}
	    }
	    else {
		fprintf(stdout, "1st quartile: %g\n", quartile_25);
		if (stats[z].n % 2)
		    fprintf(stdout, "median (odd number of cells): %g\n", median);
		else
		    fprintf(stdout, "median (even number of cells): %g\n",
			    median);
		fprintf(stdout, "3rd quartile: %g\n", quartile_75);


		for (i = 0; i < stats[z].n_perc; i++) {
		    if (stats[z].perc[i] == (int)stats[z].perc[i]) {
			/* percentile is an exact integer */
			if ((int)stats[z].perc[i] % 10 == 1 && (int)stats[z].perc[i] != 11)
			    fprintf(stdout, "%dst percentile: %g\n", (int)stats[z].perc[i],
				    quartile_perc[i]);
			else if ((int)stats[z].perc[i] % 10 == 2 && (int)stats[z].perc[i] != 12)
			    fprintf(stdout, "%dnd percentile: %g\n", (int)stats[z].perc[i],
				    quartile_perc[i]);
			else if ((int)stats[z].perc[i] % 10 == 3 && (int)stats[z].perc[i] != 13)
			    fprintf(stdout, "%drd percentile: %g\n", (int)stats[z].perc[i],
				    quartile_perc[i]);
			else
			    fprintf(stdout, "%dth percentile: %g\n", (int)stats[z].perc[i],
				    quartile_perc[i]);
		    }
		    else {
			/* percentile is not an exact integer */
			fprintf(stdout, "%.15g percentile: %g\n", stats[z].perc[i],
				quartile_perc[i]);
		    }
		}
	    }
	    G_free((void *)quartile_perc);
	    G_free((void *)qpos_perc);
	}

	/* G_message() prints to stderr not stdout: disabled. this \n is printed above with zone */
	/* if (!(param.shell_style->answer))
	    G_message("\n"); */
    }

    return 1;
}

int print_stats_table(univar_stat * stats)
{
    unsigned int i;
    int z, n_zones = zone_info.n_zones;

    if (n_zones == 0)
	n_zones = 1;

    /* print column headers */

    if (zone_info.n_zones) {
	fprintf(stdout, "zone%s", zone_info.sep);
	fprintf(stdout, "label%s", zone_info.sep);
    }
    fprintf(stdout, "non_null_cells%s", zone_info.sep);
    fprintf(stdout, "null_cells%s", zone_info.sep);
    fprintf(stdout, "min%s", zone_info.sep);
    fprintf(stdout, "max%s", zone_info.sep);
    fprintf(stdout, "range%s", zone_info.sep);
    fprintf(stdout, "mean%s", zone_info.sep);
    fprintf(stdout, "mean_of_abs%s", zone_info.sep);
    fprintf(stdout, "stddev%s", zone_info.sep);
    fprintf(stdout, "variance%s", zone_info.sep);
    fprintf(stdout, "coeff_var%s", zone_info.sep);
    fprintf(stdout, "sum%s", zone_info.sep);
    fprintf(stdout, "sum_abs");

    if (param.extended->answer) {
	fprintf(stdout, "%sfirst_quart", zone_info.sep);
	fprintf(stdout, "%smedian", zone_info.sep);
	fprintf(stdout, "%sthird_quart", zone_info.sep);
	for (i = 0; i < stats[0].n_perc; i++) {

	    if (stats[0].perc[i] == (int)stats[0].perc[i]) {
		/* percentile is an exact integer */
		fprintf(stdout, "%sperc_%d", zone_info.sep, (int)stats[0].perc[i]);
	    }
	    else {
		/* percentile is not an exact integer */
		char buf[24];
		sprintf(buf, "%.15g", stats[0].perc[i]);
		G_strchg(buf, '.', '_');
		fprintf(stdout, "%sperc_%s", zone_info.sep, buf);
	    }
	}
    }
    fprintf(stdout, "\n");

    /* print stats */

    for (z = 0; z < n_zones; z++) {
	char sum_str[100];
	double mean, variance, stdev, var_coef;

	/* for extendet stats */
	double quartile_25 = 0.0, quartile_75 = 0.0, *quartile_perc;
	double median = 0.0;
	int qpos_25, qpos_75, *qpos_perc;

	/* stats collected for this zone? */
	if (stats[z].size == 0)
	    continue;

	i = 0;

	/* all these calculations get promoted to doubles, so any DIV0 becomes nan */
	mean = stats[z].sum / stats[z].n;
	variance = (stats[z].sumsq - stats[z].sum * stats[z].sum / stats[z].n) / stats[z].n;
	if (variance < GRASS_EPSILON)
	    variance = 0.0;
	stdev = sqrt(variance);
	var_coef = (stdev / mean) * 100.;	/* perhaps stdev/fabs(mean) ? */

	if (stats[z].n == 0)
	    stats[z].sum = stats[z].sum_abs = 0.0 / 0.0;

	if (zone_info.n_zones) {
	    int z_cat = z + zone_info.min;
	    /* zone number */
	    fprintf(stdout, "%d%s", z + zone_info.min, zone_info.sep);
	    /* zone label */
	    fprintf(stdout,"%s%s", Rast_get_c_cat(&z_cat, &(zone_info.cats)), zone_info.sep);
	}

	/* non-null cells cells */
	fprintf(stdout, "%lu%s", stats[z].n, zone_info.sep);
	/* null cells */
	fprintf(stdout, "%lu%s", stats[z].size - stats[z].n, zone_info.sep);
	/* min */
	fprintf(stdout, "%.15g%s", stats[z].min, zone_info.sep);
	/* max */
	fprintf(stdout, "%.15g%s", stats[z].max, zone_info.sep);
	/* range */
	fprintf(stdout, "%.15g%s", stats[z].max - stats[z].min, zone_info.sep);
	/* mean */
	fprintf(stdout, "%.15g%s", mean, zone_info.sep);
	/* mean of abs */
	fprintf(stdout, "%.15g%s", stats[z].sum_abs / stats[z].n, zone_info.sep);
	/* stddev */
	fprintf(stdout, "%.15g%s", stdev, zone_info.sep);
	/* variance */
	fprintf(stdout, "%.15g%s", variance, zone_info.sep);
	/* coefficient of variance */
	fprintf(stdout, "%.15g%s", var_coef, zone_info.sep);
	/* sum */
	sprintf(sum_str, "%.15g", stats[z].sum);
	G_trim_decimal(sum_str);
	fprintf(stdout, "%s%s", sum_str, zone_info.sep);
	/* absolute sum */
	sprintf(sum_str, "%.15g", stats[z].sum_abs);
	G_trim_decimal(sum_str);
	fprintf(stdout, "%s", sum_str);

	/* TODO: mode, skewness, kurtosis */
	if (param.extended->answer) {
	    qpos_perc = (int *)G_calloc(stats[z].n_perc, sizeof(int));
	    quartile_perc = (double *)G_calloc(stats[z].n_perc, sizeof(double));


	    if (stats[z].n == 0) {
		quartile_25 = median = quartile_75 = 0.0 / 0.0;
		for (i = 0; i < stats[z].n_perc; i++)
		    quartile_perc[i] = 0.0 / 0.0;
	    }
	    else {
		for (i = 0; i < stats[z].n_perc; i++) {
		    qpos_perc[i] = (int)(stats[z].n * 1e-2 * stats[z].perc[i] - 0.5);
		}
		qpos_25 = (int)(stats[z].n * 0.25 - 0.5);
		qpos_75 = (int)(stats[z].n * 0.75 - 0.5);

		switch (stats[z].map_type) {
		case CELL_TYPE:
		    heapsort_int(stats[z].cell_array, stats[z].n);

		    quartile_25 = (double)stats[z].cell_array[qpos_25];
		    if (stats[z].n % 2)	/* odd */
			median = (double)stats[z].cell_array[(int)(stats[z].n / 2)];
		    else		/* even */
			median =
			    (double)(stats[z].cell_array[stats[z].n / 2 - 1] +
				     stats[z].cell_array[stats[z].n / 2]) / 2.0;
		    quartile_75 = (double)stats[z].cell_array[qpos_75];
		    for (i = 0; i < stats[z].n_perc; i++) {
			quartile_perc[i] = (double)stats[z].cell_array[qpos_perc[i]];
		    }
		    break;

		case FCELL_TYPE:
		    heapsort_float(stats[z].fcell_array, stats[z].n);

		    quartile_25 = (double)stats[z].fcell_array[qpos_25];
		    if (stats[z].n % 2)	/* odd */
			median = (double)stats[z].fcell_array[(int)(stats[z].n / 2)];
		    else		/* even */
			median =
			    (double)(stats[z].fcell_array[stats[z].n / 2 - 1] +
				     stats[z].fcell_array[stats[z].n / 2]) / 2.0;
		    quartile_75 = (double)stats[z].fcell_array[qpos_75];
		    for (i = 0; i < stats[z].n_perc; i++) {
			quartile_perc[i] = (double)stats[z].fcell_array[qpos_perc[i]];
		    }
		    break;

		case DCELL_TYPE:
		    heapsort_double(stats[z].dcell_array, stats[z].n);

		    quartile_25 = stats[z].dcell_array[qpos_25];
		    if (stats[z].n % 2)	/* odd */
			median = stats[z].dcell_array[(int)(stats[z].n / 2)];
		    else		/* even */
			median =
			    (stats[z].dcell_array[stats[z].n / 2 - 1] +
			     stats[z].dcell_array[stats[z].n / 2]) / 2.0;
		    quartile_75 = stats[z].dcell_array[qpos_75];
		    for (i = 0; i < stats[z].n_perc; i++) {
			quartile_perc[i] = stats[z].dcell_array[qpos_perc[i]];
		    }
		    break;

		default:
		    break;
		}
	    }

	    /* first quartile */
	    fprintf(stdout, "%s%g", zone_info.sep, quartile_25);
	    /* median */
	    fprintf(stdout, "%s%g", zone_info.sep, median);
	    /* third quartile */
	    fprintf(stdout, "%s%g", zone_info.sep, quartile_75);
	    /* percentiles */
	    for (i = 0; i < stats[z].n_perc; i++) {
		fprintf(stdout, "%s%g", zone_info.sep , 
			quartile_perc[i]);
	    }

	    G_free((void *)quartile_perc);
	    G_free((void *)qpos_perc);
	}

	fprintf(stdout, "\n");

	/* zone z finished */

    }

    return 1;
}
